The Bottoms By Joe R. Hardy - 996 Words

The Bottoms by Joe R. Lansdale is a coming-of-age story about a young boy named Harry and a series of events that forever change his life. Harry is a 13 year old boy living in East Texas with his father Jacob, mother and younger sister Tom. After a tree limb falls on their dog Toby, Harry and Tom go to the woods to put him out of his misery. They get caught up playing with the dog one last time before they kill him and end up lost in the wilderness. As the try to make their way back home, they stumble upon a badly mutilated body of a colored woman. When Tom and Harry finally make it home, without killing Toby, Harry explains to his father what they found and his life is forever changed after that pivotal moment. The story follows the timeline of the investigation into who the victims are, the revelation of who the killer is and a world wind of secrets and lies exposed. As the events of the investigation unfold, Harry’s character evolves from a child being viewed as just that, to his father recognizing his growth into a young man, to an adult taking on responsibilities. By examining these three key stages in Harry’s life, a complete analysis of Harry’s change, or coming-of-age story unfolding, can be studied. When the story begins, Harry sets the setting and tone by describing his surroundings and economical state. Harry says, â€Å"I suppose there were some back then had money, but we weren’t among them† (5). The Cranes are not well off. Harry’s father, Jacob, makes money byShow MoreRelatedOpportunities23827 Words   |  96 Pageshome or brewed it over campfires heading west.†23 In the city or on the frontier, the beverage was generally prepared by boiling grounds in water. Some users added eggs or fish skins to the mixture to clarify it, helping the grounds settle to the bottom. To mask the fishy taste and bitterness of the finished product, many used milk and sugar.24 During the Civil War, coffee became an important staple in Union soldiers’ daily diets. The federal government purchased more than 4 million pounds ofRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONALRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages(Madison, WI: Mendota House/Irwin, 2011) Other Interests Although he cannot keep up (literally!) with Dr. Robbin’s accomplishments on the track, Dr. Judge enjoys golf, cooking and baking, literature (he’s a particular fan of Thomas Hardy and is a member of the Thomas Hardy Society), and keeping up with his three children, who range in age from 23 to 9. Preface Welcome to the fifteenth edition of Organizational Behavior! Long considered the standard for all organizational behavior textbooks, thisRead MoreMonte Carlo Simulation218872 Words   |  876 Pageswith r a continuously compounded interest rate. We denote the expected present value by E[e−rT (S(T ) − K)+ ]. For this expectation to be meaningful, we need to specify the distribution of the random variable S(T ), the terminal stock price. In fact, rather than simply specifying the distribution at a ï ¬ xed time, we introduce a model for the dynamics of the stock price. The Black-Scholes model describes the evolution of the stock price through the stochastic diï ¬â‚¬erential equation (SDE) dS(t) = r dt +Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesnondegreed personnel, who believe themselves to be the backbone of the organization, now feel cheated. What is a proper balance between experience and new blood? CEO Presentation 19 The emphasis on education shifts with each new executive. O r nondeu greed personnel obviously are paying the price. I wish I knew what direction the storm is coming from. My department does not have a database to use for estimating. Therefore, we have to rely heavily on the project offlce for good estimatingRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManagement, First Edition Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, Information Technology, Seventh Edition Gehrlein, Operations Management Cases, First Edition Harrison and Samson, Technology Management, First Edition Hayen, SAP R/3 Enterprise Software: An Introduction, First Edition Hill, Manufacturing Strategy: Text Cases, Third Edition Hopp, Supply Chain Science, First Edition Hopp and Spearman, Factory Physics, Third Edition Jacobs, Berry, Whybark, and Vollmann ManufacturingRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pageson Strategic Management (HarperCollins, 1990). Bruce used the paper in a course at Trent University and found that it worked well. Why don t you do a book on it? he suggested. Why don t we do it together? Henry replied. They both thought that Joe would make an excellent member of the team. So the safari was launched. We did not, however, write this as a textbook or some sort of academic treatise. From the outset, we believed that the book should have as much relevance for managers and consultantsRead MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pagesdesign inspirations came from medieval arts and botanical forms -during the 1880’s-90s the AC movement was underpinned by a number of societies The Century Guild -Arthur H. Mackmurdo led group called Century Guild (included Selwyn Images and Herbert R. Horne) -goal was to render all branches of art, no longer tradesmen.. artist. -incorporated renaissance and Japanese design ideas into work -their designs provide one of the links b/w the AC movement and the floral stylization of art nouveau -ImageRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesCulture 5. Managing Across Cultures iv Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management Capitol 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy Text  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 1 C H A 1 P T E R NEW MANAGEMENT FOR BUSINESS GROWTH IN A DEMANDING ECONOMY 2 Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management Capitol 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy Text  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum:

The Box Man Analysis Essay - 868 Words

Box Man Final Draft We come alone in this world and one day we will be alone once again; therefore, we must formulate the choice to achieve things ourselves. That is why in the essay â€Å"The Box Man†, Barbara Lazear Ascher writes about the evening customs of diverse people that live alone and by observing these people, reflects on the nature of solitude. She demonstrates that solidity doesn’t necessarily mean being lonely, just alone and explains how lonely and alone are unlike. Ascher uses the rhetorical strategies compare and contrast and imagery and description to demonstrate her views on solidity. To start off, Ascher uses the rhetorical strategy of compare and contrast to reflect on the nature of solitude. She compares the†¦show more content†¦Ascher contrasts the Box Man with the two women to illustrate that being alone by choice will bring you much more pleasure than being alone without will. She gives us these scenarios to bring about the unlike chara cteristics of people that are alone and how differently each person survives. Ascher also uses valuable description and imagery to reflect on the nature of solitude. She uses specific details to interpret her observations effectively. Ascher expresses the Box Man’s behavior with much detail. She shows us how high his collar was by stating, â€Å"His collar was pulled so high that he appeared headless†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as well as specifically telling us how the Box Man preferred his boxes by stating, â€Å"...he began to sort through the boxes, picking them up, one by one, inspecting top, insides, flaps†¦ dropped it in a doorway.†. Ascher displays imagery by using figurative language to describe the many characteristics and actions of the Box Man and she details all the observations she has made about the Box Man’s night. The author wants us to perceive how happy one can be in solitude like the Box Man by specifically describing the events that took place and using imagery so the reader can construe her vision clearly. Moreover, Ascher shows us the women who eats soup’s nightly venture. She says in much details exactly how the women orders her dinner and how the she eats the soup by taking the extra Saltine crackers she receives and breakingShow MoreRelatedUse of Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson981 Words   |  4 Pageshave a traditional sacrifice they called The Lottery. The villagers would have their kids choose out stones for the village. Once they are all together with the stones collected, they have a member from each family to choose a white paper from a black box. After a family is chosen, the members within the family have to be chosen to be the sacrifice for the village. The way that knew that they were chosen was a black dot in the middle of the paper. The chosen one well be stoned to death by everyone inRead MoreEssay on The Lottery by Shirley Jackson: an Analysis1522 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson: An Analysis The short story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson was written in 1948 and takes place in a small town, on the 27th of June. In this story, the lottery occurs every year, around the summer solstice. All families gather together to draw slips of paper from a black box. When reading this story, it is unclear the full premise of the lottery until near the end. The heads of households are the first to draw a piece of paper from the black box. The paper with theRead MoreUse of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson954 Words   |  4 Pagesstory in all the characters and objects in the story. This Short story takes place in the summer where a small town has a lottery every year round. The person that wins the lottery has a huge impact on the town and the crops that grow in it. Old man Warner is the oldest in the town and has been in more than seventy lotteries he likes to go by tradition and doesn’t like to change it up. Mrs. Hutchinson on the other hand doesn’t want to go by the tradition and thinks that the lottery is a hugeRead MoreSelf-Reflective Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesalready in the past) and were built upon throughout the quarter. The knowledge gained over the course of the quarter werent only those three types of appeals. Rhetorical strategies like proposals helped reinforce the course and using rhetorical analysis in different situations have become easier throughout the quarter. I believe that I have made sufficient progress towards becoming a better writer this way. My first major writing in the quarter was shaky and quite uncertain in some areas. TheRead MoreNotes On Childhood And Background1204 Words   |  5 PagesPennsylvania (Boeree, n.d., para. 1). Skinner’s father was a lawyer while his mother stayed home to care for Skinner and his siblings. Interest in building contraptions and gadgets was shown by Skinner at an early age (Kaiga, C. (2012, July 2). Academic Essays on Simple topics. Retrieved October 19, 2014.). He spent much of his childhood building various machines and devices, including a failed attempt to build a perpetual motion machine (Kaiga, 2012, para.4). In a biography about B.F. Skinner, Dr. CRead MoreHidden Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1170 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature you read in school. Symbolism is an object, which represents something else. For example, in the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Mrs. Hutchinson got picked for the lottery. The word â€Å"hutch† is another word for b ox, and she happened to have her life taken from her by a paper in a box. The odd, short story of â€Å"the Lottery† is a story that should be read by many people for any urge to find symbolic references or to just kick back and read an interesting story with a twist. The lottery seems likeRead More Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Message of Social Responsibility912 Words   |  4 Pageswas (Jackson, 864). No one really seems worried that in an hour or so one of their neighbors will be stoned to death. The old worn out black box suggests that Jackson used a bit of irony to bring out the meaning of death. Black being a dark gothic color, and the oldness of the box suggests that the lottery is a tradition that has lasted for years. Old Man Warner, the town grandfather, supports the lottery and tries to make sure it lasts forever. This brings out the true meaning of Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreAnalysis of The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Poster783 Words   |  4 Pages Design Analysis Essay BCM 110 In this essay I am going to analyse the movie poster for the film ‘Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl’ . This film was released in 2003 directed by Gore Verbinski and it was a huge Box-Office hit and had great reviews . It also made Johnny Depp the superstar he is now and it stars other actors such as Orlando Bloom and Keira Knightley . The genre of the film is an action adventure film with lots of other elements in it . Read MoreA Tragic Love Quadrangle: An Analysis of The Seagull by Anton Chekhov1295 Words   |  6 PagesA Tragic Love Quadrangle: An Analysis of The Seagull Based on his real life events and experiences, The Seagull is one of Anton Chekhovs most distinguished dramatic works. The play explores love, loss and despair. Despite the play’s classification as fiction, the event that served as the catalyst to Anton Chekhov’s dramatization actually took place. As Keith Neilson stated: The Seagull was based on an event in Anton Chekhov’s life. One afternoon, while he was taking a walk with his friendRead MoreAnalysis Of Prometheus And The First People By Olivia E. Coolidge784 Words   |  4 PagesGreeks believe at the time man was created there was no sorrow or wicked ways, a war was unknown to man. Zeus entrusted their creation to two brothers, Prometheus and Epimetheus. Epimetheus took over all things but got forced to appeal to Prometheus for help. Prometheus later was tortured by Zeus for making humankind like the gods. After centuries Prometheus was released and him, along with the other gods created woman. Then flooded the earth to kill all evil. This essay will examine, Prometheus

Book Review Heartland the Darkest Hour Free Essays

My book was Heartland the Darkest Hour. It was written by Lauren Brooke and was 152 pages long. This book was about a girl named Amy who tries to prove to everyone that she can be as good as a professional horse racer. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: Heartland the Darkest Hour or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the book she meets people, that teach her a lesson about how winning isn’t everything. Even though winning is fun, that shouldn’t be why you want to compete. You should have passion in what you’re doing, instead of waiting for fame and fortune. Amy doesn’t realize that you should have passion in what you love to do.She thinks that she is the best horse racer in the world, but that changes when a certain horse and a certain person came into her life and taught her about passion. Ty a friend of hers, had a horse that was the best Amy had seen in her life! It had every trick that had ever been in horse racing history perfected. It had the most amazing speed, and it was very rare. Amy wanted that horse so bad, because she knew she could win with it. She wanted to buy it off of Ty, but he wouldn’t let her. One day Amy asked Ty why she couldn’t buy the beautiful horse, but then Ty asked her a very important question.He said â€Å"Why do you want this horse? † Amy stood there for a minute and thought about what he had asked her. The next day she felt bad because she had been selfish and only wanted the horse for fame and money, not because she loved the horse. At the end of the book, Amy realizes that she needs to have passion in all she does, because without passion â€Å"You’ll never love what your doing. † I think Amy was changed at the end because her attitude was different from the way she treated others in the beginning.At the end of this book, Amy is more kind and doesn’t think to much about her self. I would recommend this book to others because it teaches you not be bratty and selfish, but to be humble and passionate. If you like books about horses, this series would be awesome for you to read. I loved this book because, I started to read it in the beginning, but I didn’t get the story. Towards the middle I finally figured out what the author was trying to say, and it was a very good inspirational message throughout the book. The End How to cite Book Review: Heartland the Darkest Hour, Papers

Friedmans 10 Flatteners Essay Example For Students

Friedmans 10 Flatteners Essay Friedmans10Flatteners TRANSCRIPT Slide 1 Transcript: Friedman’s 10 Flatteners 54 seconds This is a presentation about Tom Friedman’s book, called The World is Flat. Tom Friedman is a New York Times reporter and columnist who has won three Pulitzer Prizes and has had four or five bestselling books out. He gets some criticism for this book because some people think he’s a cheerleader for Globalization, and those people who are against Globalization don’t particularly like that. I think, in all fairness to Tom, although he’s very enthusiastic about his book and his subject, I think he just recognizes that, like it or not, Globalization is here, and here to stay. So maybe we need to understand it and figure out what we need to do about it, whether we think it’s good, or bad. Slide 2 Transcript: The World is Flat 118 seconds Here you see two versions of the book. He very cleverly managed to come out with an â€Å"updated and expanded† version of the book before it even went into paperback. Within a period of about ten months, a second edition came out. On the right, the cover shows the two ships that are going off the edge of the earth there in a painting called I Told You So. One of the more interesting facts about the book is that the book was published with that cover. The publishers assumed that the picture was an old picture that had gone into the public domain, and that therefore they could use it on the cover. As it turned out, that wasn’t true, it actually was a relatively recent painting and they wound up getting into trouble with a copyright violation. So they changed the cover to be like the cover there on the left. It’s hard to see in this picture and on the cover itself: what it is is like a coin that shows the globe on it, so it’s as if you had a globe about the size of a silver dollar and put it into one of those coin presses that you see at carnivals and pressed it down into the size of a coin. The idea of the book is the concept of there being a level playing field. It used to be that the industrial nations—including the United States, Europe and Japan—seemed to have a great advantage over the rest of the world, and f you were born in a place like India or China, for example, your chances of having a better life were much less than they would have been had you been born into an industrial economy. In this particular book, the thesis is that the earth has flattened, it doesn’t matter where you were born, and that people in the United States and Europe and Japan have to compete with people in India and China on an equal footing now. Slide 3 Transcript: 1. ; 2. Historic Events 83 seconds Tom thinks there were two important historic events. The first is actually two in itself, he calls it â€Å"When the Walls Came Down and the Windows Went Up†, and this was the fall of the Wall in Berlin. The end of global communism as a great adversary of the West. And the rise of Windows  ®. Six months later, Windows 3. 0 , which is the Windows that runs desktop computers, came out. I think he stuck the two together primarily because it made a clever turn of phrase. He’s big at picking up these turns of phrase like â€Å"The walls went down and the windows went up†, but he said those two historic events were extremely important. And then the second one was the idea that Netscape  ®, which was the original browser, the first big, successful browser for the World Wide Web, went public. That being the concept that started the dot com boom, which started a worldwide boom in fiber optics, such that being in Beijing was the same as being in Brooklyn, in that communications between people became that great. So he sees these two historic events as great shapers of the 21st Century and beyond. Slide 4 Transcript: 3. Workflow Design 81 seconds The third factor that Tom cites is what he called â€Å"workflow design and the rise of workflow software†. This is the ability for applications to connect with each other—for information to pass between one computer system and another one. He calls it the â€Å"Workflow moment†, and this is characterized by more collaboration in terms of tracking, routing and ordering. You might have seen this in a company where you work, where now there is usually a lot more computer connectivity between companies, their suppliers on one end, and their customers on the other. One example he gives is the collaboration in cartoons. As it turns out, Disney cartoons are made all around the world. Some of the work on a cartoon is done in China, some in Los Angeles, some in Hollywood, some in Europe. I could actually write a book on this—Wait! I actually did. I co-authored this book Workflow Modeling, which has turned out to be a surprisingly good seller. I was actually surprised at how well it’s done. It’s gone into its Second Edition, so good for me that I just happened to luckily be working on a book on workflow at a time that workflow became important. Slide 5 Transcript: 4. Uploading 204 seconds What Tom calls â€Å"uploading† is the so-called Open Source Movement. Valuable software has been developed all over the world by many, many people working cooperatively to put it all together. The software package Linux (called â€Å"Lihnux† or â€Å"Leenux† or â€Å"Lie-nux† depending on how you like to pronounce it) is a big example of this, as is the Apache Web Server. It wouldn’t have been possible without the ability for people to do their work and then upload it. This is harnessing the power of communities, these self-organizing, collaborative communities using something called the GNU/GPL General Public License, where people put all this work into these projects that they are not personally going to directly benefit financially. I tried to come up with some examples of historical altruism. One of them was the Oxford English Dictionary. If you’ve ever seen this particular dictionary, it has all kinds of citations, so if you look up a particular word, it will tell you that this word was used in a book by Charles Dickens, or used in a book by some other author in history. Well, how did they get all of these citations? It turned out that there was this huge mass of people all over the world that went through books to find examples of words being used. The book I cite there by Simon Winchester tells the story of the person who contributed the most citations to the OED. This man was a doctor at a mental institution in England, and when the people from the OED went to visit him to thank him for his work, they discovered that although he was a medical doctor and was at this mental institution, he wasn’t there as a doctor, he was there as a patient! Humans In The Biosphere EssayUPS makes their routes such that there are few left turns—they try to make as many right turns as possible. And nike. com orders are put together from everywhere. When a shoe is put together, one part of it is made in Bangladesh, and part of it in Indonesia, and part of it in China, and they were taking the parts to Taiwan where they were put together, it’s just amazing. The informing part is the idea of finding information both inside and outside your company. Many times when you’re trying to do something in your company, you already have the information in the company. So search engines like Google and Yahoo! are turned inside a company to try to find the information inside it. Some companies have what they call a â€Å"CKO†, or Chief Information Officer, whose job it is to keep all this information findable. Slide 9 Transcript: 10. The Steroids 43 seconds His tenth Flattener is what he calls â€Å"The Steroids†, and this is digital, mobile, virtual and personal. The fact that computers have become much more powerful; that messaging and file sharing has become possible; the Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP); video graphics, allowing things like video conferencing; wireless devices, including cell phones. In fact, just four or five years ago this presentation wouldn’t have been possible, my ability to record the sound, the size of the files, all those things would have made it impossible. Changes in technology have allowed all of these things to happen. Slide 10 Transcript: Triple Convergence 53 seconds Tom sees there being this â€Å"Triple Convergence†, three forces converging, the first one being the playing field, that is the ten flatteners just discussed. The second one is productivity, the ability to connect, and collaborate. So you can connect with people all over the world and collaborate with them. The third thing was the new players. With the fall of the Berlin Wall, three billion people arrived on the scene to be part of a single global economy. Instead of there being two worlds: the First World, the â€Å"Free World† as it was called; and the Communist World; and then the Third World that was not part of either of them. He gives the quotation there of Albert Einstein’s that I like as well, that tells us where we’re going with this. Out of clutter, find simplicity From discord, find harmony In the middle of difficulty, lies opportunity. —Albert Einstein Slide 11 Transcript: Kool Devices 122 seconds These are some examples of some important devices, many of you have probably seen them. The GPS, or Global Positioning Satellite: this allows the UPS driver, for example, to be warned if it appears a package is about to be delivered at the wrong address. The GPS beeps and says â€Å"Your truck doesn’t seem to be stopped in front of the right house. † The DIAD, which are Delivery Information Acquisition Devices: The UPS driver, and the Postal Service as well, they’ll take a scanner and scan the number which shows that the package has been delivered. I’ve sometimes been on the internet when the UPS person was coming, and I could see the truck drive up, and on their webpage it said â€Å"Out for Delivery†, then I hear the package hit the front porch, and I inquire again and it says â€Å"Delivered†. RFID is a Radio Frequency IDentifier: One of the places where you see this is your FastTrack, that allows you to fast track on the Bay Bridge where you don’t have to stop to pay your toll, but rather you get scanned. One thing that most people don’t realize is that the FastTrack can be read other place as well as the Bay Bridge, and people are afraid the day will come when you’ll get a ticket in the mail because RFID scanners will have seen you two different places too close together from your bridge pass. XML/SOAP are standards for interoperability. You might have noticed in the new release of Microsoft  ® Office all of the files now have an x at the end of the extension, . docx and . pptx, etc. The x stands for xlm, because the files are now encoded in XML. O/O UML: Last he mentions Object Orientation and UML (Unified Modeling Language). This is something I cover in my C++ and C# programming classes. In addition to covering Object Orientation I cover UML, which is a way of designing systems using modeling. Slide 12 Transcript: Do 4 U 117 seconds So, what does all this mean for you? The advice that Tom gives is first, understand that the playing field has flattened, this means there is a broad Middle Class that is going to extend outside the industrialized world, and already does, all around the globe. Both people who were behind the Iron Curtain previously, and also people who were in the so-called â€Å"Third World†, the developing nations. He says understand the ten flatteners, by which I guess he means buy his book—well, I can understand that. But understand productivity, the ability to connect and collaborate. Horizontalize yourself: be a good collaborator, learn how to work with people, both online and off. In fact, taking an online class is a good way to get a little bit of experience in that. Third, understand that it happened, understand that there are all these people, and understand diversity. That different people from different backgrounds, different religions, different races—we all have to live together on the same planet. He says CQ + PQ ; IQ, by which he means that the Curiosity Quotient plus the Passion Quotient is greater than the Intelligence Quotient. Which is to say, you don’t have to be the smartest person around, if you have curiosity and passion. If you’re trying to compete by being the smartest person around, remember that in China, for example, if you’re one in a million, there are about 1,300 of you! Because that’s the size of China. And fifth, continuing education—as a teacher at College of Alameda and UC Berkeley Extension, I would applaud that. But learn a skill, be adaptable, and re-train. Understand that life-long learning is necessary in the new, flat world. Copyright  © 2005 Patrick McDermott

Venus and Adonis Essay Example For Students

Venus and Adonis Essay It also intends to deal with its controversial subject matter, which has always been a topic of interest for scholars and critics. Venus and Adonis has been interpreted as everything from a noble love poem to an obscene tale of lust. Its debatable theme has been interpreted as going far beyond the story of how the goddess of love -Venus fell in love with a young man, Adonis. Scholars often show a particular interest in Venus attempts to make love and Adonis refusals. The plot follows as Adonis abandons her and sets off to hunt a boar. When Adonis is finally mutilated by a wild boar, Venus is left alone suffering the bitter loss of her juvenile love. We will write a custom essay on Venus and Adonis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will also try to prove why Venus and Adonis has demonstrated to be one of Shakespeares most distinguished narrative works, mainly deriving from its dealing with a theme concerning the primarily human subject of sexual love. Finally, the objective of this investigation is to examine the sources in which Shakespeare inspired to achieve his narrative work and to mention the ways in which the author has depicted one of his magnificent literary achievements. Venus and Adonis is a narrative poem that has been written by the greatest dramatist ever, William Shakespeare. The poem tells the story of goddess Venus passion for Adonis, a young hunter. Venus courts him, and further on, she aims at making love with him. Adonis refuses her, considering her too lustful. Instead, he decides to go hunting, and ends up being killed by a wild boar. Venus finds the dead corpse and laments herself because her beloved has passed away. The poem begins with a contrasting introduction of the two characters: in the first stanza rose cheekd Adonis is contrasted to ill-thought Venus: Rose cheeked Adonis hied him to the chase (Line 3) Sick thoughted Venus makes amain unto him (Line 5) He is presented as an innocent young man, that hunting (he) loved, but love he laught to scorn (line 4). On the contrary, Venus is presented as a perverted female who gins to woo him (line 6). In this poem, the standard romantic convention, where the lovesick male pursues uninterested women, is reversed, as it is Venus who courts and harasses Adonis. It can also be noticed that Shakespeare takes every opportunity to emphasise this role inversion. Venus is a parody of a typical male suitor, while Adonis is presented in a traditionally feminine role, and is regarded as a mere sex object. And having felt the sweetness of the spoil, With blind fold fury she begins to forage; Her face doth reek and smoke, her blood doth boil, And careless lust stirs up a desperate courage; Planting oblivion, beating reason back, Forgetting shames pure blush and honours wrack (lines 553-59) He now obeys, and now no more resisteth (line 564) Venus overbearing seizure of Adonis is a virtual parody of male aggressiveness, emphasising role inversion: With this she seizeth on his sweating palm, The precedent of pith and livelihood, And, trembling in her passion, calls it balm (Lines 25-27) Venus draws the attention in the poem due to her many attributes as the great goddess of love, as seen in the following lines: Her arrival on earth is sudden and mysterious. She has put on a womans form, yet she is strangely incorporeal, neither naked nor clothed, neither young nor old, with perennial beauty that as the spring doth yearly grow. The sensuality of her courtship is only apparent: her hand if touched would dissolve, or seem to melt; the primroses she lies on support her like sturdy trees. (Boyce) Venus might be the idealisation of beauty and love, but to Adonis she is no more than an lustful older woman who does not see that he is too young, as the text is old; the orator to green. Venus repeated enthusiasm for physical love can be noticed in lines 229-240, where there is an erotic characterisation of Venus own body as landscape. In lines 19-24, it can be seen that Venus attraction to Adonis is completely physical and passionate: And yet not cloy thy lips with loathed satiety, But rather famish them amid their plenty, Making them red and pale with fresh variety; Ten kisses short as one, one long as twenty: As summers day will seem an hour but short, Being wasted in such time-beguiling sport Moreover, Venus argues that love is the most appropriate human activity because it leads to reproduction (lines 163-174). As for Adonis, Venus views the common adolescent as the very archetypal pattern and substance of which beautiful things are but shadows. Adonis is described as a tiny, terrified waterbird in lines 86-87. Adonis is also associated with the imagery suggestive of womans physical charms: Stain to all nymphs, more lovely than a man, More white and red than doves or roses are. (lines 9-10) Doth quench the maiden burning of his cheeks. (line 50) On several occasions, Venus wooing exposes the comic indignity of the situation. Venus sweats with heat and effort, she pleads Adonis, but he claims: .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d , .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d .postImageUrl , .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d , .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d:hover , .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d:visited , .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d:active { border:0!important; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d:active , .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ae24e1504fd228217595f40ca59f28d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Charles Dickens wrote Hard Times Essay For shame, he cries, let go, and let me go; My days delight is past, my horse is gone, And tis your fault I am bereft him so. Adonis rejects not only Venus herself but also her idea of love, which he equates with lust in lines 787-798: Call it not love, for Love to heaven is fled, Since sweating Lust on earth usurped his name Therefore, it can be said that Venus and Adonis represent opposing points of view, as the goddess finds fulfilment in the delights of sensuality, while the mortal man conceives of an ideal spiritual state The poem simultaneously views love in contradictory ways. Though love is the noblest of imaginable states of mind, as Adonis insists, it is also utterly dull, even ridiculous, grounded, as it is in the physical desires embodied by Venus lust. Loves complicated blend of opposing qualities is asserted in the description of love in Venus closing lament (1136-1156). The vision of destruction takes in not only the central figures of the poem, but also its natural setting. Venus and Adonis has also conveyed a profound sense of the tragic side of existence. (Boyce) Venus and Adonis was dedicated to Shakespeares long time patron Henry Wriothesley, the Third Earl of Southampton. He is believed to have been a young noble of more than pleasant aspect, who is also thought to be the subject of Shakespeares Sonnets. In the poems dedication, Shakespeare calls his work the first heir of my invention, and it is sometimes said that Venus and Adonis was written before any of the plays. However, most scholars agree that it is much more likely to have been written between June 1592 and April 1593. Venus and Adonis was first published in 1593 by the printer Richard Field, and it was so popular that eight more editions were published during Shakespeares lifetime. It is said that Venus and Adonis style is richer and more glowing than that of the poets earliest Histories and Comedies. Venus and Adonis owes its inspiration to the works of the Latin Master of erotic poetry, Ovid (Boyce), including Ovids Metamorphoses (Book X) in particular but with elements from other sections of Ovids work as well parts of Spensers Faerie Queen (IIIi), and, perhaps, Marlowes Hero and Leander. In Ovids Metamorphoses, Adonis reciprocates Venus love, but Shakespeare followed a variant of the tale, incorporating elements from other Ovidian stories and portraying the mortals rejection of the goddess. It has been stated that by associating his work to Ovids, Shakespeare intended to be similarly witty and resourceful. Some details, especially the episode of the stallion and the mare, were said to be probably inspired by passages in the Georgics of Virgil, a renowned Latin poet. A third Ovidian love story on which Shakespeare draws is that of Narcissus, another hunter, pursued by the nymph Echo. Other Ovidian touches include the reference to Adonis as a statue contenting but the eye alone, which recalls that Ovids Pygmalion: Offended with the vice, where of great shore is packed within The nature of the womankind, he led a single life, And long it was ere he could find in heart to take a wife. The poem is not mainly a praise of sexual love, it is also an illustrated and psychological study of the physical and emotional attitudes of wooing, lust, and repulsion, which is extended after Adonis death to the goddess anguish, reflected in her postures showing sadness and sweetness. At the end of Venus and Adonis, the goddess puts a curse on love, saying that it shall be full of paradoxes: It shall be waited on with jealousy Find sweet beginning, but unsavoury end It shall be sparing and too full of riot, Teaching decreipt age to tread the measures It shall be raging mad, and silly mild, Make the young old, the old become a child (The Wordsworth Poetry Library, The Poems Sonnets of William Shakespeare, page 113) Some scholars state that not one of Shakespeares narrative poems has mastered its stanza. They affirm that he seems no to have been interested in the matter of mechanical form. Some of the stanzas of Venus and Adonis are weak, and it is the concluding couplets that have failed, as rhyme seems to have been forced: Dismiss your vows, your feigned tears, your flattery; For where a heart is hard they make no battery. (425-6) This way she runs, and now she will no further, But back retires to rate the boar for murther. (905-6) For from the stillitory of thy face excelling, Comes breath perfumed, that breedeth love by smelling. (443-4) This beauteous combat, wilful and unwilling, Showd like two silver doves that sit a-billing. (365-6) These scholars state that Venus and Adonis is a desperate narrative that has its freshness of colour. It is affirmed that most ideas are overdeveloped; that there is strain, exaggeration, and bad taste. Some scholars have sharply criticised Shakespeare as a result of the publication of Venus and Adonis. Venus and Adonis has been thought as once too sensuous and too cold, too fleshly and too abstract, too absurd in its situations and yet too tragic in tone. Venus and Adonis includes a wide range of attitudes: elements of humour and passion, sensuous and intellectual perceptions have been combined within this controversial narrative. With some minor defects, the poem is said to be a triumphant example of diversity in unity. .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 , .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 .postImageUrl , .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 , .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0:hover , .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0:visited , .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0:active { border:0!important; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0:active , .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0 .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1ced4353dc8110e0dba500e01afabe0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How do the writers of four poems reveal their attitudes to nature EssayVenus and Adonis may be only seen as insignificant entertainment intended to attract the patronage of a cultured Elizabethan aristocrat; or the poem may be given more weight and viewed as an example of Renaissance art. However, the moral to be found in Venus and Adonis has proven elusive, and the poem has been assessed in many different ways, as has already been described. Some critics feel that Venus and Adonis is a failure, an immature effort that is confused and uncertain because the author himself was unclear about the nature of love and lust and therefore resorted to humour to patch up his undeveloped work. Others see the poem as a delightfully erotic comedy, a celebration of sexual passion. Although Adonis dies, his story is couched in humour, and his death is not a tragic one -his corpse vanishes into air and his blood becomes the goddess nosegay. By this, the boy that by her side lay killd Was melted like a vapour from her side; And in his blood that on the ground lay spilld, A purple flower sprung up, chequerd with white, Resembling well his pale cheeks, and the blood Which in round drops upon their whiteness stood. (The Wordsworth Poetry Library, The Poems Sonnets of William Shakespeare, page 114) Adoniss death may be seen as the pathetic outcome of his cold and foolish aversion to love and sex. On the other hand, the horror of his death and Venus condemnation of love at the end of the poem may be thought to condemn lust as a primal source of destruction. Venus and Adonis deals with perhaps the most difficult emotion to understand: love, and presents an essential paradox: love, an obvious manifestation of an elemental life force, is often tied to a self-destructive inclination towards death. One must analyse the fact that Venus and Adonis is unquestionably amusing and entertaining, and that it may be also regarded as funny. Even when Venus first sees Adonis corpse, the famous simile of the shrinking snail offers an image that softens the situation: Or as the snail, whose tender horns being hit, Shrinks backward in his shelly cave with pain, And there, all smotherd up, in shade doth sit (Lines 1033-1036) Moreover, Venus seems reduced to the shameful action of plucking Adonis from his horse in order to convey her powers of seduction which prove to be rather inadequate. Furthermore, her description of herself as a landscape leads Venus to an even deeper humiliation. When Adonis smiles in disdain, she is reduced to helplessness by his dimples and states that being mad before; how doth she now for wits? (line 249). In spite of the fact that Adonis rejects the wild nature of the love that Venus demands from him; he is himself associated with animals throughout the poem. This can be seen from the early parallels between him and the birds and the symbolism of his runaway horse as a male lover, to his almost sexual union with the boar in mutual death. In a similar spirit, the poem boasts frequent vivid and sensual representations of country life. This can be clearly noticed in the comparison of the captive Adonis to a trapped bird: Look how a bird lies tangled in a net, So fastend in her arms Adonis lies (Lines 67-68) It also compares Venus to a mild doe, whose swelling dugs do ache (line 875). The poem also makes reference to the wild boar: On his bow-back he hath a battle set Of bristly pikes, that ever threat his foes; His eyes, like glow worms, shine when he doth fret; His snout digs sepulchres whereer he goes; Being moved, he strikes whateer is in his way And whom he strikes his crooked tushes slay. (lines 619-624) As a conclusion, we believe that Venus and Adonis has often been considered as less relevant to Shakespeares modern readers, who prefer the authors dramas. This work has often been regarded as weak and artificial, as its characterisation seems to be feeble if compared with the plays. In spite of what has been previously stated, Venus and Adonis contains many charming and entertaining passages. We think that less critical readers will be able to enjoy the way in which the myth is turned into a human story. Like Shakespeares greater works, it is concerned with the human predicament, and it illuminates the young playwrights attitude towards one of his most important concerns, sexual love. Moreover, some scholars state that Shakespeare was raising questions of major concern in his approach to life and love. Furthermore, Shakespeares Venus and Adonis is interesting from the point of view of human emotions and attitudes, as it analyses human nature far beyond what may seem as a mere narrative story.

Free Essays on Sustainability

Sustainable For there to be a sustainable community, there are some factors that have to be looked into very carefully. These factors include the well being of the community, the society, the communities’ economic standing at the time, and also the environment of the community. As for the well being of the community, there has to be a very well education system. That is one of the most important things these days, because sustainability is a state of mind and a way of life. Incorporating sustainability principles, concepts and approaches in both formal and informal education processes will help institutionalize these concepts and encourage their widespread adoption. When dealing with the goal of economy in the communities there need to be local established economies that are economically vivid, environmentally sound and socially responsible. But by achieving these goals, it requires participation from all sectors of the community, both to determine community needs and to identify and implement innovative and appropriate solutions. Another step to having a better sense of community is the environment. This can be done by simply preserving the natural environment around the area, like the natural resources. This is essential for maintaining community sustainability. There is also another method that will help clean up your community. It is called â€Å"Operation Weed & Seed†. In this operation the community tries to get a grasp on the violence in the area, and stop it for happening. Gang activity is another big one that the community tries to stop. This is sometimes done by the members of the community by telling the police where it is that they usually hang around at, and what they may be doing to some areas in the community. The operations main goal is to â€Å"weed† out the bad activity and nonsense in the community and re-â€Å"seed† it by cleaning the streets up. An example would be, painting over the graff... Free Essays on Sustainability Free Essays on Sustainability Sustainable For there to be a sustainable community, there are some factors that have to be looked into very carefully. These factors include the well being of the community, the society, the communities’ economic standing at the time, and also the environment of the community. As for the well being of the community, there has to be a very well education system. That is one of the most important things these days, because sustainability is a state of mind and a way of life. Incorporating sustainability principles, concepts and approaches in both formal and informal education processes will help institutionalize these concepts and encourage their widespread adoption. When dealing with the goal of economy in the communities there need to be local established economies that are economically vivid, environmentally sound and socially responsible. But by achieving these goals, it requires participation from all sectors of the community, both to determine community needs and to identify and implement innovative and appropriate solutions. Another step to having a better sense of community is the environment. This can be done by simply preserving the natural environment around the area, like the natural resources. This is essential for maintaining community sustainability. There is also another method that will help clean up your community. It is called â€Å"Operation Weed & Seed†. In this operation the community tries to get a grasp on the violence in the area, and stop it for happening. Gang activity is another big one that the community tries to stop. This is sometimes done by the members of the community by telling the police where it is that they usually hang around at, and what they may be doing to some areas in the community. The operations main goal is to â€Å"weed† out the bad activity and nonsense in the community and re-â€Å"seed† it by cleaning the streets up. An example would be, painting over the graff...

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Case study analysis and action plan - Essay Example Obviously, her diet is disproportionate to her requirement, and the excess calorie in her diet is contributing to her weight gain. From the history it is apparent that she is binge eating, and given her psychological history, it may be a case of bulimia nervosa (Schlesier-Carter et al., 1989). Since she is ready for a change, a dietary analysis would be needed to examine the imbalance between her current dietary pattern and the requirement for her age, profession, and stature. More importantly, if she is going to an exercise regimen, it would be needed to advise her how much weight she must reduce (Grilo, Masheb, and Berman, 2001). This can be done through the reduction of caloric requirement, and the new dietary advice must contain the maximum permissible calories without affecting the energy requirement. Since bulimia is the suspected cause, there must be provision for handling these issues through appropriate psychotherapeutic interventions (Stice and Fairburn, 2003). As per UK reference values, Susan belongs to the adult age group, and hence her energy requirements are lower, so are the requirements of energy will be lower, although they vary according to age, gender, and activity level. With the data provided, Susans BMI would be 30.86, which as per references is class I obesity (Buttriss, 2000). Taking the ideal BMI to be 20 to 24.9, for Susan, it would be ideal to keep a target of 22 as the BMI, and to achieve that she will have to bring her weight back to 56 kg. This means she will have to lose about 23 kg of weight. She is a secretary by profession, hence her lifestyle may be considered as sedentary. Diet analysis of Susan indicates that she has consumed 2765.24 Kcal on an average per day (Swan, 2004). This comes from on an average of 672 g of carbohydrate and related food consumed including sugar and starch. According to

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Computer Security - Essay Example Secondly, I discovered that my wireless internet access was not secured. Thirdly, I found out that there were several problems with the installation settings of my external mouse and the web cam. Fourthly, my operating system was not properly configured with all of the software I had in my computer. And lastly I discovered that my antivirus was not up to date. When mitigating a risk, it does not necessarily mean to fully eliminate the threat but an effort towards minimizing the impending risks. It is therefore a step taken by a person who fully becomes aware of the existing risks and decides to find ways of preventing or minimizing chances of such risks occurring. I can mitigate my risks on my personal computer by first ensuring that I leave my personal computer somewhere hidden whenever I am out of the house and also ensuring that I fully attend to my personal computer bag whenever I carry my computer around or when am travelling. Secondly, ensuring that I use WPA2 encryption on my internet access point and also configuring my computer with a firewall to ensure that I am not hacked. Third, I would also perform a proper installation for my hardware devices; mouse and the webcam. Fourth, I would ensure that my operating system is properly configured with all the software in my computer. And lastly I would ensure that I install an antivirus software that would keep my computer safe from viruses from external hard disks and flash disks and the one that automatically performs regular updates to remain

The Meaning Of Freedom Of Expression

The Meaning Of Freedom Of Expression Nations across the world have different constitutions and laws that govern the countries, apparently some may similar depending on the country, and some are also different. However, the Freedom of Speech and Expression is common in most of them, especially in countries that are not under dictatorship ruling. The freedom of speech has to do with freeing people to express their thoughts however they want without any type of interference. This is a major issue across the world, with no exception of Malawi. Furthermore, the issue of expression has to do with the media because these are the watchdogs of the society and they link the people with the government. The press has to do the researching for the nation, it has to be transparent and accountable in its news reporting, and so the media and press do meet up with lots of problems. The freedom of speech is defined as the freedom to speak without censorship and limitation or both. It goes on to give political rights that enable one to share ideas. Basically, the Freedom of Expression comprises of things that enable one to impart, receive and seek information without looking at the strategy used. It is said to help in democracy to work and also public participation in decision making because citizens cannot freely express their obligations if they do not have the freedom empowered to them. An article in the universal declaration read that, the free communication of ideas and opinion should be considered as mans greatest right.(David 2012) In as much as the people are given absolute rights to speak and publish whatever they like, it is also said that the law is likely to take its stand whenever any of the rights is abused. This means that the freedom of expression is something that is very important and has to be thought of on a huge note. Even the article 5 of the universal declaration does endorse this and adds on to say boundaries are not necessary as far as the freedom of expression is concerned. (David 2012) Background of the Freedom of Expression The freedom of speech dates back in the 5th and 6th BC in the Roman Republic whereby the main rights were freedom of religion and freedom of speech, also, it was talked of by Rashidun and Al-Hashimi, Islams, in their letter to one of the religious opponents. As years passed, various people fought for it in so many ways until the first state proclaiming freedom of speech was issued on December 4, 1770 in Denmark- Norway. People like John Stuart Mill pointed out that without freedom there can hardly be achievement in in things like politics and other things related, which according to him needed free expression. However, the Freedom Forum Organization said that it is important to recognize the limits of the freedom of speech as it may conflict with other things. (David 2012) The Malawi government has also adopted the concept of freedom of speech ever since it got its independence from Britain and had the democratic government. Democracy deals a lot with the voice of the people; apparently that is why it goes hand in hand with the freedom of speech and expression. The Malawi Constitution guarantees the freedom of expression and views it as a basic right. It strives for the public to enjoy their right to be informed through unrestricted access to information. Aims and Objectives To find out whether there has been an advancement of the freedom of expression or whether it has/is deteriorating. Since its establishment, things have been happening that it has not been easy to tell whether or not this freedom is really working out there or maybe it is long gone. To examine the flow of the rights in the government and reflect how the citizens are being handled with reference to the freedom of expression. How exactly is the government implementing its policies on the people, is it being over authoritative or perhaps it is imposing issues on the people without considering their rights, or perhaps it is doing just fine. To evaluate the extent of the freedom the press has here in Malawi How far does the Malawian government take its freedom of expression, to what extent does it authorize it. To find out the media has they truly are doing their jobs freely without hindrances Are the media houses truly free to report anything that they are obligated to report to the nation of Malawi? Or perhaps they have setbacks? To estimate how the freedom of speech is being used by the media and press on the people. To see through how the freedom of expression and speech have been flowing over the years. To understand what exactly it means to have that kind of freedom, and also learn its limitations. Problem Statement The media is a watchdog for the society, and its job is to keep the nation informed, entertained and educated, it has to do anything in its power to be there for the society and look out for it. However, in Malawi, the freedom of expression, or press freedom is said to have been adopted many years ago, apparently as early as when independence from the British government was granted. Now, the problem is that there seems to be a hindrance on this freedom of expression and the way the media is doing its job. Its either it is not being granted to them in full or there are lots of misconceptions about it. The media is suffering and there is no accuracy in its job, this only means that the nation is not getting accurate information, and is therefore not being treated fairly. Hypothesis Upon conducting a research on the evaluation of the freedom of speech and expression, the possible outcomes are anticipated. The government sometimes tends to take charge of the media practitioners, thereby limiting their freedom of speech and expression. When the people, media and press properly exercise their freedom of expression, they tend to come out with positive results because that is a job well done for them to serve the nation in a proper manner without limitations. Some media practitioners misuse their rights and cross their limits all in the name of having freedom of expression, as a result other peoples rights are violated. LITERATURE REVIEW So much has been said or research on the topic of freedom of expression and the media, organizations, and even individuals have quite a bit to say about it, others give some emphasis on it as in its importance in the media and others even give an overview of how it is flowing in the country and also how or what the media thinks about it. Freedom of speech has to do with people being able to give their views on things of their interest, and the freedom of the press gives the rights to the print media in order for them to freely express what they truly believe. However, having the freedom of speech does not mean having the right to hurt or discomfort other people. The freedom that is involved here has to do with how much creativity one can bring for the aim of improving the societies that we live in. this freedom is there to empower people to analyse their government and achieve what is best for both of them, in other words it has to do with criticizing the leadership both positively and negatively and end up having what is best for the nation. To live without freedom is binding but with freedom comes responsibility in reporting. (Orwell 2009) Freedom of expression is very important if the people are to participate in decision making issues, especially for countries that are said to be democratic like Malawi itself. People can not be able to participate freely in what is going on around them if they do not have the freedom, for instance things like choosing of leaders to guide them. Therefore, this issue is not only necessary for personal gain but also it helps in maintain the democratic spirit that the country has. This freedom clearly gives the society to voice out their thoughts on issues freely without any disturbances. Furthermore, this is something that needs full support because of its position in democracy and public participation in political issues and also the media. On a journalistic point of view, the freedom to give out knowledge can come under different attacks. Pressure on the journalists poses a very big threat. An article released by MISA said that Freedom of expression is a basic right, which is expressly guaranteed in the Malawi Constitution. Therefore, this programme seeks to campaign for the public to enjoy their right to be informed through unrestricted access to information. This one continued to say that MISA is campaigning for the Access to Information (ATI) bill. Section 37 of the Malawi Constitution provides for access to information. The framers of the Constitution however made this right to access information subject to an act of parliament but did not set a timeframe for the enactment of the law on access to information. On the other hand, some information clearly states that 13 years since the adoption of the Constitution, there is still no enabling act for access to information. Apparently, according to Malawi Institute of Journalism, a minister once said that the case of the July 20 demonstrations that were held in the country, he observed that some jouranalists who were cov ering the demonstrations were beaten up by the police and some radio stations put off air by the Malawi communications Regulatory Authority MACRA (Malawi Institute of Journalism 2012) Still on the concept of the freedom of expression being violated, the government has been named as the biggest violator of the freedom of expression in Malawi followed by the general public, and this is according to the Media council of Malawi (MCM). Mr Anderson Fumulani of the MCM said that a survey revealed government as a major violator of press freedom. (Ganthu 2002). Capitol Radio managing director Al Osman warned that with repressive media laws been introduced, freedom of expression is under threat. He continued to say that the media just provide a platform and that freedom of expression is not exclusive to the media. On the contrary, it was argued that Malawi is enjoying the freedom of expression now than before, according to Edson Mwamvani, southern regional information officer, the freedom of expression has improved in the last ten years, however, the freedom of expression has to look at the responsibilities as well (Gondwe, 2011) In addition to the violation, The Malawi Chapter of the Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) noted with disappointment that there is lack of respect for media freedom and in the country. The media in Malawi is continuously being violated not only by the government, but also some individuals of the public. Apparently, the latest threats came from the late State President Dr. Bingu wa Mutharika, who warned that he was going to stop the work of some media houses and also arrest some individual journalists that continued to report negatively about his administration. He further pointed out that journalists in the country are being careless and false in their work of reporting. Furthermore, MISA Malawi also said it was aware of threats on some journalists as well as media houses from people who claim to be misrepresented in some stories published by journalists. MISA said that such things do interrupt work of the media as watchdogs of the country because it gives them fear and they d ont work to the best of their abilities. It also continued to say it feels that it is very easy in such circumstances to think that the government is actually thinking of taking little steps to ending the freedom of expression in the country. The media in the country really is trying so hard to do its job right , however, it is meeting many problems regarding its freedom of expression. MISA said it emphasizes that it does not condone irresponsible reporting, it said it is urging journalists to be truthful in every single thing they tackle. Irresponsible reporting should not even be heard of here in Malawi and around the world. The media should therefore be allowed to represent the people and take care of them accordingly. The organisation said it expects the government authorities and other people who happen to have problems against journalists and media people to give their issues to the correct bodies that are put in place for this. Freedom of expression and the right to report is given in the constitution of the country and they are both said to be protected by the head of state. The president must not be the first person to rob the media of its freedom, its simply not acceptable. The organisation was actually referring to the recent government that it should promote media freedom in Malawi. Not only that but also appealing to the media practitioners to support the people and keep alert. MISA finished by encouraging the government to continue to support media outlets. (Augustine 2010) The issue of rights being violated in Malawi, with no exception of the freedom of speech was addressed by the United Nations whereby showed that it is only a matter of time before the United Nations turns on the sanction button against the current government led by Mrs. Joyce Banda. According to the UN this is mainly following Malawi Government failure to uphold Human Rights and other laws of natural justice as enriched in the UNs Convention on Human Rights. Section 19 of the Convention gives everyone the ability to express opinions without any hindrances. About the media, the convention adds that everyone has the right to perform and work effectively with no boundaries when it comes to freedom. In 2011, the UN Human Rights Committee adopted what is known as the General Comment No 34, which is guaranteed by Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. This comment strengthens the protection of the international law on freedom of expression including the Cou rts of Law in its member states of which Malawi is inclusive. According to Article 19, a well-known international organisation which is committed to defend the right to freedom of expression and fights against repression of the media, both the UN convention and its general comment define freedom of opinion and freedom of expression as indispensable conditions for the full development of a person. The organisation adds that freedom of opinion and expression are essential for any democratic society considering that it provides the basics of what democracy is all about. The freedom of expression provides for the exchange and development of opinions. With Malawi being a democratic country as it is called, others may question as to whether it really is a democratic state or an authoritarian which demands people to bow to the opinion of the government. the current government in Malawi has been criticised by various organisations such as Council of NGOs in Malawi for violating some sections of the constitution with no exception to the freedom of expression. According to Article 19, freedom of expression is a necessary condition for the realisation of the principles of transparency and accountability that are, in turn essential for the promotion and protection of human rights. In countries where democracy is embraced, a free uncensored and unhindered press or other media is considered as essential to ensure freedom of opinion and expression and the enjoyment of other covenant rights. Ironically, the Malawi constitution particularly Section 35 and 36, aff irms that every person shall have the right to express oneself, not onlyt in Malawi, but also in foreign countries (Nkhoma 2012) On the same issue, freedom of expression has been said to be something that is put in place in the Malawi Constitution, but it seems like lately it is sliding back to the time when it was not available. It is unfortunate that it does not matter which party is ruling or whatsoever, but the fact of the matter remains that the freedom of expression is currently not on a very good positions. Apparently after many press conferences, the late president Dr. Wa Mutharika after arguing with the media ended up shaking hands with journalists and continuosly said aluta continua, meaning let the struggle come to an end, because Malawi is a democratic country (Munthali 2010) On the area of print media, the importance of freedom of speech is important in the newspaper or print industry is that the print media does a big job of keeping the people informed. The people need to know what their leaders are doing and this is almost impossible to happen effectively is the publishers are controlled by the government. Some information has been given regarding the freedom of speech with respect to the internet in Malawi, and this is including media areas like television, radio or written press. These things are being limited by certain principles of public order, and this is what has been proposed against in the bill (Muwamba 2012) Freedom of press released an article where it talked of how the freedom of the press is constitutionally guaranteed in Malawi even though they are restricted in practice. On April 13, 2007, the Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority (MACRA) banned all private media outlets from broadcasting political rallies live without prior permission from the MACRA. This move intended to avoid messages that would be against the government. The government does not exercise over censorship, but freedom of expression in Malawi is threatened in many ways. One journalist was reportedly attacked in 2007. Dickson Kashoti, a reporter for the private Daily Times was physically attacked by Joseph Njobvuyalema, a member of parliamrnt over an article that had been critical of him. (freedom house 2008) The Freedom of information Act in 1966 gives the right to know, and also views the press as a very crucial an part of the freedom of expression, and a bridge between people and social institutions. So the press is the mediator of relationships with institutions of society family, religion, economy and many more. In addition to that, article 19 of the universal declaration of human rights adopted in 1948 continues to give the public its freedom to feely express itself and also get first hand information. However, some situations and writings have showed that the freedom of expression is not entirely valid in Malawi since it was written by George Ombuluka that the United States official also commented on the Malawian freedom of expression when he extended his speech to the late president Dr. Bingu Wa Mutharika to say that he should respect his citizens right to freedom of expression. Anthony Livuza said that the government of Malawi promised to encourage the freedom of the media and this was after it met with international delegations on the issue of press freedom, the government resolved to being open and also fully supporting the media in its work . According Emmanuel, Freedom of expression in Malawi regarding television, radio, or print is set to be limited by certain principles of public order; this is said by the new bill. (Muwamba 2011)

Leadership and Organizational Culture Essay -- Leadership Theory, Powe

House et al. (2007) discovers that leadership and Organisational culture are closely linked together as leaders influence the culture of their organisations. Researches talk about a range of leadership definitions but it is not easy to define. (E.g. Western, 2008; Yukl, 2010). However, Cohen (2009) critically analyses definitions from Dracker (1996), Eisenhower (1969), Northouse (2004) and finally summarised the definition of leadership constitutes five elements. First of all, ask question to set direction, which means effective leaders need to listen to followers’ voice respectfully and then share the common goals and ideas with them. In addition, leaders need to seek insights and allocate resources optimally; act ethically; allow their employees to work in a conformable and most effective way. This essay will explain different leadership styles and how they influence the organisations with examples of organisations and leaders with main focus on well-known entrepreneur: Sir Alan Sugar. He grows from nothing to incredible success ( £ 730 million), is a legend in the UK business history; his reality TV show â€Å"The Apprentice†, a great entertainment for recruitment appeals to the public without reasons. However, he as a person is controversial amongst people, probably due to his leadership style as bullying or harassment (destructive). There are four schools of leadership styles: Trait, behavioural, contingency and transformational. Nevertheless, in the case of Alan Sugar, trait and transactional styles match him which will be illustrated following in detail. As Yukl (2010) indicates, such factors (e.g. personality, values and capacities) attributed to a leader. Normally it is widespread acknowledged that someone is born to be a lead... ...l man who enables others to think and do in his way (role model) and his employees work him for unconditional loyalty (e.g. his PA), also, adopt a fair system of rewards and punishments; however, as a leader sometimes he just needs some transformational styles which respect and communicate with followers equally rather than forced them to shut up rudely. As for organizational culture, the article obtains further understanding that some factors attribute to detect cultures existed in an organisation, communication system, for example. As a result, it can be identified that his culture not only can be classified as power but task. Moreover, due to the changeable outside environment, compounded and flexible cultures seems to be a better way for an organisation’s sustainable development. Therefore, leadership is tightly related to organizational culture.

Is Seeing Believing?

‘Theory of Knowledge’ Name: Nkole C Date: 19th October, 2012. Instructor: Maurice H ‘Seeing is believing. ’ Belief is the mental reliance or acceptance of a condition. It causes people to validate and actualise what they have or get as information and consequently apply that to other situations in order to create new patterns- what is called Knowledge. ‘Seeing’ refers to the sensation of obtaining information through sight, or our senses.People can claim to obtain their knowledge in many different ways which include senses, intuition or intellectual reasoning, past experiences, priori knowledge used to develop a new organisation of patterns and perception of what is to come which usually results from relating with past experiences and cultural beliefs. Humans refer to sight, hearing, smell, temperature or pressure and taste as the senses used to obtain knowledge. Intuition refers to the relating of a condition and giving an intellectually valid reason to come up with truth.For example, we believe that three and four are greater than two, and so we can propose that there are numbers which are greater than two. This, in a sense, depends on the fact that we made true the fact that three and four are actually greater than two, which is a prior assumption. These different areas of knowledge all have their problems. However, true knowledge and the ways of obtaining it is something that has caused controversy among many scholars. On one hand is the idea of Empiricism while on the other hand is the idea of Rationalism.Empiricists are people who believe that whatever we know, and hence believe in, is gotten through sensory experience. They assert that the mind was as pure as white- defined as tabula rasa by them- and whatever that we know now as knowledge was installed or written on the mind by the senses’ experiences and absorbed into the brains. The information gotten in this way helps the human brain to relate this to oth er sensations and be able to make patterns to define new situations.Empiricists argue saying that there is no innate knowledge which the mind had validated before sense experience, though there is priori knowledge which is actually true. To the empiricist, ‘seeing’ or sense sensation is the only way people obtain knowledge and therefore is-believing. Depending entirely on senses for true knowledge, however, has its own problems and can easily lead to someone obtaining the wrong information.A defect on the sense organs like those due to agnosia and aphasia can lead to someone obtaining the wrong information since it is possible to speak in a way while the body language shows another thing. Senses also rely upon the environment to be able to function. A person who has never been exposed to the light will never know colours if they are exposed to them at a later stage in their lives. In their normal functioning, senses also have limitations in the way they obtain informati on. The human eye, for example, can only resolve up to 0. mm which means that points or lines that are less than 0. 1mm apart will be seen as a continuous line, which is false. The senses, no matter how true the information they get is, also depend entirely on the brain’s ability to evaluate the electrical impulses it gets from sense sensations which could be responses to chemical reactions in the taste buds and hair cells of the nose, frequency of light waves and difference in pressure of air in the eyes and ears respectively, or pressure and temperature in the skin.It is clear that if the brain itself has a defect, the probability of which we cannot be certain, every bit of the knowledge that one would get would be untrue. Even when it is true, and so to argue the rationalists, the brain sorts out the small bits of information it gets according to the relationship with some prior knowledge, innate knowledge they call it. ——————†”———————– [ 1 ]. http://www. thefreedictionary. com/belief [ 2 ]. http://plato. tanford. edu/entries/berkeley/ [ 3 ]. Definition gotten from hand-out given in class [ 4 ]. A condition that causes people not to get the tone of voice in speech and have to rely entirely on their ability to read body language to get in information. From class hand-out [ 5 ]. A condition that causes people not to make out complex pictures to be able to read body language. From class hand-out [ 6 ]. The allegory of the curve from hand-out in class [ 7 ]. From Biology text book

Love in university life Essays - Battle Of Stone Corral, Visalia

Love in university life Essays - Battle Of Stone Corral, Visalia Love in university life ALI 150-04 Prof. C. Stammler February 13th , 2014 Love in university life Having always lived in India, I spent the first seventeen years of my life under my parents guidance until I had to leave for a country on the side of the globe, literally. After my parents came to Long Beach and got me settled in my room, they went back to India leaving me here with two boys whom I had never known in my life, who were now going to be my roommates for the coming 10 months. This essay is a summary of me, a young introverted boy experiencing love for the first time in my new university life and how I dealt with it. I had no idea that in this hustle of settling down at a new university in a new country, I would start liking a girl so much that I would be thinking of her all day, every day. But I didnt know what I had to do about it. I did not know if should man up and voice my liking for her to her before its too late or just keep quiet and leave this on our destiny. Living in the dorms introduced me to the concept of sharing a room with people of my age. I had never cohabitated in such a small space with three people before. I didnt know my roommates or anyone in this university. I had thought that my roommates were shy of talking to new people of completely different background. But I started attempting to talk to them as I did not know anybody else apart from them then. I got to know about their interests, their likes and dislikes. However, I did not like their sleeping habits. They would sleep in the day and stay awake all night when everyone else was sleeping. This was a pain at times because I couldnt study properly in the dark. I wanted to talk to him about the problems I have been having with them but I was too afraid to talk to them. The fact that I was a shy person only added to the communication barrier that already existed because of our cultural differences. They were different from me and because of the difference in our cultures and religion, it was difficult for us to get along. I had never imagined I would have deal with racist behavior after having heard about such good things about the American culture prior to coming to the United States. However uncomfortable I was, I never voiced my opinions to them about their messiness and about them having thoughts about me just because I was an Indian. Anyway, so after a few weeks of solitary confinement with just my roommate for company, I had started hanging out in the multi-purpose hall, or known as the common hall. Initially, I was just a person sitting awkwardly in a room full of people. Then slowly when I started talking to people I learnt that its not too difficult to make new friends in a different country. Its just the first urge that is difficult. Slowly and steadily I got more and more conformable with people here. I also got to know that most of the people here actually love Indians and wished to know more about them and their culture. This made me more confident because I knew that it was just my roommates that were slightly hesitant to talk to Indians and it was not something that everyone else followed too. I then started talking to new people and would just walk up to them and start talking to them because I started to know how things work here. I wouldnt have got to know about social etiquettes as much as I did, had I been living off campus with my cousin who studies at the same university. Dorm life has its own advantages and disadvantages. Its way easy to make friends while living the dorm life as compared to living off campus because the dorms built me a good circle of friends by the end of my first semester that I would have been unlikely to meet on a campus of

Five Misleading Names

Five Misleading Names Five Misleading Names Five Misleading Names By Maeve Maddox For most people, the word greyhound probably triggers the idea of a skinny gray dog, while the word nightmare conjures up the image of a horse galloping through the night. Here are five words whose names suggest meanings that arent there. catgut: The dried and twisted intestines of sheep, also of the horse and ass; used for the strings of musical instruments; also as bands in lathes, clocks, etc. The word in English probably originated as kitgut, from kit, small fiddle used by dancing teachers. This kit probably derives from OE cythere, from Latin cithara, from Greek kithara. The OED notes that the Dutch word kattedarm does mean guts or intestines of the cat, but adds that theres no evidence that catgut was ever used for the purpose of stringing a musical instrument. greyhound: A variety of dog used in the chase, characterized by its long slender body, and long legs, by the keenness of its sight, and by its great speed in running. Old English had the word grighund. Hund, of course, meant dog. The grig part comes from an Old Norse word for bitch. nightmare: Now usually: a bad dream producing feelings of distress. Originally (usu. with the): a feeling of suffocation or great distress experienced during sleep. A nightmare was a female spirit or monster supposed to settle on and produce a feeling of suffocation in a sleeping person or animal. This kind of mare has cognates in several languages. Its the mar in French cauchemar (nightmare), and is related to Irish morrigain, queen of the elves. It is not related to the mare that means female horse. mustard gas: A colorless oily liquid whose vapor is a powerful irritant and vesicant acting directly on the skin, used in chemical warfare, originally at Ypres during the First World War (1914-18). Mustard gas isnt made from mustard, and its not a gas. It was yellow and those unfortunate enough to get a whiff of it thought it resembled the smell of mustard, garlic, or horseradish. Its an atomized liquid. heartburn: An uneasy burning sensation in the lower part of the chest, due to putrefactive fermentation of the food in the stomach Greek kardia could mean both heart and stomach. Greek kardiakos meant pertaining to the heart. Latin cardiacus could mean pertaining to the stomach. The term heartburn arose from confusion between the areas of heart and stomach. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About NumbersUse a Dash for Number RangesDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Without the Economic Assistance of the U.S., Great Britain would of Essay

Without the Economic Assistance of the U.S., Great Britain would of Industrially Collapsed during World War II - Essay Example It also depicted some interesting facts about the Allied Victory and the different phases that Britain and America experienced. It was by the end of this very devastating war that America emerged as a new, popular and powerful nation in the world. Often the World War II is referred to as the â€Å"Good War† representing that in the war the good forces triumphed over the evil. Since every war has its aftermaths especially when it’s a widespread conflict and is quite destructive as was the World War II. The role of United States during the outbreak of World War II in 1939 had been quite neutral. However, when the Germany victories began to rise in Europe it was then that president Roosevelt considered being the ally of Britain and started seeking ways through which they can aid Britain while not indulging themselves in the war. Under its Neutrality Act initially by which only some cash and carry purchases were made by the belligerents, in the mid of 1940s it was declared by president Roosevelt to send US weapons to Britain in surplus amounts (Hickman n.d.).1. The support provided to Britain was increased in view of the devastating setbacks in the war when the Netherlands, Norway, Belgium, Luxemburg and France fell to Nazis. Although America had taken a stance on providing a split two-to-one favor and to remain out of the war at every cost even at the stake of Britain’s loss. However by the end of 1940 in November, America decided to aid Britain and to take the risk of a war (Cole 1983)2. This was even declared by the candidates running for the Presidential elections in America 1940 just three days before the elections that: â€Å"Our policy is to give all possible material aid to the nations which still resist aggression across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans† (Roosevelt) and â€Å"All of us – Republicans, Democrats and Independents – believe in giving aid to the heroic British people. We must make available to them the products of our industry† (Willkie). Thus, showing America’s utmost interest in providing aid to Britain (Churchill 1949)3 By March, 1941 America had maintained its stance of staying away from war and kept its isolationist sentiment, while Britain kept on fighting the war alone. The effects of war on the financial standing of Britain were apparent, its financial assets were ending, the Commonwealth assets from overseas were also dried up, and it had no aid coming from anyplace. At that time it was only the Cash and Carry option provided by America that was available to Britain for buying the war supplies and under this it was using American destroyers to protect the shipments. It was quite evident from the conditions that Britain was reaching the stage of Bankruptcy. This soon led to the Lend-Lease Act of March, 1941 that made America an ally for Britain. Under this Act, Britain was given the privilege to buy the war good without having to pay America upfront for the go ods. Hence, Britain was given over $1 billion as aid at the end of the year believing it to be sufficient amount to keep Britain standing during the war time. It has been stated in the UK’s Guardian Unlimited that, under the American Lend-Lease Act, it transferred nearly $48 billion worth of war good to different nations during the period March 1941 to September 1945, out of which the aid send to Britain amounted to nearly $21 billion which nearly equaled to UKs entire years gross national product. The major good under the Lend-Lease included

The new development concerning management communication Essay

The new development concerning management communication - Essay Example "The meaning of my communication is the response I get." (Communication Skills - Solutions 4 Training) this quote illustrates the success of a properly managed communication process. The response generated as a result of a statement shows how good an individual in getting his point across; required diligently in the fields of marketing, advertising & successful running any type of industry. Developing sound communication skills is not a difficult task. Practice, knowledge & confidence are the key factors in this aspect. Globalization has transformed & diversified the industries around the globe making it compulsory to interact with multicultural citizens. Every company is performing multiple roles of communicator & the promoter at the same time, raising questions about * what *how & *whom to say. Organizations talk about their need for better communication skills but are unsure of how to solve the issue. Organizing interactive workshops & seminars to highlight & practice the art of c ommunication is required extensively nowadays. Whether understanding & dealing with the employees of a company, targeting an audience, projecting a concept through media; all these acts are acquired via communication. The modern times require interaction with people around the world, without the barriers of time & space. The advance technology has made it possible to communicate with individuals thousands of miles away. All this technology & modernism has changed the way of interaction. According to Philip Kotler in his book Marketing Management (564), currently there are a number of communication platforms: ADVERTISING: it is a paid promotion of ideas, goods or services, for example print & broadcast advertising, motion pictures, brochures, billboards, posters, display signs etc. SALES PROMOTION: a selection of short term enticement to endorse product sales. For example exhibitions, coupons, tradeshows, contests, complimentary gifts etc. PUBLIC RELATIONS: a variety of programs intended to promote a product or company's image. For example speeches, seminars, charity donations, sponsored events, company magazines etc. PERSONAL SELLING: confronted interaction through presentations & question answer sessions with one or more potential clients. For example sales meetings, samples, fairs, tradeshows etc. DIRECT MARKETING: communicate directly with customers through a dialog. For example mails, TV shopping, catalogs, telemarketing etc. In normal life & principally in business & industries a special communication process is followed to ensure the effective transfer of messages. The communication process is takes place between a sender & a receiver through two communication implements, message & media. In between them, are the communication tools encoding, decoding of the message sent; feedback & response from the sender after interpreting the idea. A factor present in between is noise; it is the misrepresentation of the message being sent when it's not conveyed effectively. (Philip Kotler- Marketing Management- eleventh edition, chapter 19:565) A successful management depends on how well the organizations comprehend this process & expends it in the organization & business perspectives. Dorothy Carnegie described this phenomenon in a very effective manner by saying, "Business, social, & personal