What Makes a Monster Essay - 620 Words

What Makes a Monster? Monsters are often thought of as green, abnormally large and scary. They are believed to hide in dark shadows and forgotten street corners. Monsters have a bad reputation and the very nature of the term monster is not smiled upon. I believe these thoughts are generic and relics of a much safer past. In our morally bankrupt society monsters exist in the realist scariest form. As we step into adulthood and take our heads out of the comic books that shows us the danger of the Green Goblin we must now be alerted the real demons. Adolf Hitler killed thousands upon thousands of people. His persona and legacy can only be thought of as sick and sadistic. Adolf Hitler did by himself what would take an entire army of†¦show more content†¦This lead to a total DNA change that turned him into a huge psychotic lizard. Peter Parker who had been bit by a radio active spider was now on a search to rediscover who he really is and only at the age of sixteen. If Stan Lees classic comic was mea nt to teach us anything it was meant to teach us that we have a choice. Peter Parker a low income orphan, who was bullied and weak used his powers to become a hero. Osborne decided other wise. Using not Spiderman, but Peter Parker as my last explain I would like to show you that what makes a monster is more than the struggle for power as I earlier stated. It is the choice we make with that power whether it is given to us or taken. In conclusion I want to provide you with a few points of clarity. Power did not make Adolf Hitler a monster. Self-love, greed, and ill convinced passion made Hitler the monster history remembers him as. Passions gone wrong made Dr. Osborne into an actual scaly green monster he became. Passion may have drove these men to extreme lengths, but their bad choices made them monsters. Good thing that in every comic, movie, and history book, there is always a few Peter Parkers to save the day. You can not have the bad guys with out theShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Monster? Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesWhat defines a monster? Is it their grotesque, unnatural appearance that separates them from the rest of mankind, or is it their lack of remorse and compassion that makes them different? The word monster conjures up figures from gothic horror of exotic peoples with horrifyingly exaggerated features, and the kinds of impossible delusive beasts inhabiting the pages of medieval bestiaries. Well at first I thought exactly that. When I used to hear the word â€Å"monster†, my mind immediately pictured theRead MoreA Monster Can Be Hard To Define. Describing A Monster Can1332 Words   |  6 PagesA monster can be hard to define. Describing a monster can be easier than defining one. The term ’monster’ is broad and vague and as a result, it is easier to describe a monster rather than to define one. Tina Boyer says: â€Å"A monster is a cultural construct. By definition, it is a thing that shows or reflects cultural fears and forbidden obsessions, social and moral problems that express themselves in the body and behavior of the monstrous creature (Boyer 240).† What makes a monster scary differsRead MoreThe Most Monstrous Being In Mary Shelleys Novel, Frankenstein1465 Words   |  6 Pagesword dabbled to describe the way Frankenstein looks for body parts in graves. These could have been from people who had families or other loved ones, but Frankenstein treats them as pieces of meat, materials for his experiment, and this makes the reader disgusted at Frankenstein. This is the first sign that Frankenstein is immoral. Despite this, might be forgiven as his judgement is affected by his desire to create rather than destroy life. Although this could shock a modernRead MoreCritical Essay On Frankenstein1219 Words   |  5 Pagesall based around how Frankenstein creates a monster in his laboratory. This monster is made of old human body parts, and Frankenstein brings it to life. The monster is unable to fit into society and he is called ugly often. Throughout the novel the monster just wants to fit in and be accepted by others. Frankenstein being his creator should have helped him fit in and guide him, because in a way the monster is like Frankenstein’s child. Although the monster murdered Henry Clerval, William FrankensteinRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book St. Lucy s Home For Girls Raised By Wolves1215 Words   |  5 PagesKanye West said it best, â€Å"Everybody knows I’m a M*f**ing monster† and honestly, as humans we are. In Seven Monster Theses, Jeffery Cohen develops an idea that â€Å"monsters† are essential to society. In fact, they construct what is â€Å"normal†, â€Å"rational†, and â€Å"civilized†. Specifically, â€Å"monsters† are foundational to how we view ourselves. â€Å"Monsters† contain all the traits deemed unacceptable and odd. It can be concluded that every outlier is a â€Å"monster†. In St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves, KarenRead More Frankenstein Version by Kenneth Branagh Essay780 Words   |  4 PagesKenneth Branagh In 1931 Hollywood made a simplified version of Frankenstein and stereotyped the monster to be evil with bolts in his neck and a big, green square head. In the 1960s an English company called Hammer Horror revitalised Frankenstein movies and Christopher Lee made the monster look more like a man. All of the Frankenstein movies before Kenneth Branaghs version had made the monster evil. In Kenneth Branaghs version of the story he filmed the entire book and tried to stick closelyRead MoreMonster Culture By Jeffery Cohen1202 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Monster Culture†, Jeffery Cohen develops an idea that â€Å"monsters† are essential to society. In fact, they construct what is â€Å"normal†, â€Å"rational†, and â€Å"civilized†. Specifically, â€Å"monsters† are foundational to how we view ourselves. â€Å"Monsters† contain all the traits deemed unacceptable and odd. It can be concluded that every outlier is a â€Å"monster†. In St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves, Karen Russell tells the story of a pack of wolf girls who are transitioning into young ladies. RussellRead MoreAlexandra Giambruno. Mrs.Schroder. English Iv Honors. 231030 Words   |  5 Pagesto create what the story is. The story of Frankenstein has mysterious aspects that help the main character Victor create the monster. In a gothic novel, there are a ton of abstract thoughts that can be in play pertaining to the type of story that the author creates. Power and Constraint is one point that plays a lot in the novel itself, it all started with the main creator. Victor Frankenstein had the idea to create a monster; he collected body parts and used modern technologies to make an unnaturalRead MoreEssay about Sympathy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein986 Words   |  4 PagesShelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein for many people is a huge fiendish monster, a brainless oaf with a couple of neck bolts, who is a horrible murderer. This image has been created by Boris Karloff and other television/film images. I also thought like that, believing Frankenstein to be a monstrous murderer, so when I was met with the text I was surprised to find as a mad scientist who creates a monster. This changed my opinion greatly at first. As the central charactersRead MoreUnderstanding Mythological Monsters Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesMonsters are towering, fierce beings best known for causing nightmares and battling heroes. Tales are told of their devastating power, but also of their agonizing defeats. Monsters are symbols of the inherent evil of human nature and of the dark truths of the natural world. Monsters are also challenges, tasks a hero must complete. Sometimes monsters are the ultimate measure of a hero’s worth, other times just another step in a hero’s journey. In the book Bulfinch’s Mythology, Thomas Bulfinch writes

Witches Role in Macbeth - 2482 Words

Most people in Shakespeare time believed in the powers of witches, and witchcraft became the object of morbid and fevered fascination. Between 1560 and 1605 hundreds of people (mainly women) were convicted as witches and executed. Witches were credited with diabolical powers. They could predict the future, bring on night in daytime, cause fogs and tempests and kill animals. They cursed animals with fatal wasting disease and could raise evil spirits by concocting a horrible brew with nauseating ingredients. It was believed witches allowed the devil to suck their blood in return for a familiar (an animal used as an evil servant). Accused witches were examined for the devils mark, a red mark on their body from where Satan had sucked their†¦show more content†¦Following the murder of Duncan, Macbeth realises that the murder has put him into the control of demon forces which are the enemy of mankind. At the beginning of the play we are shown that the Elizabethans strongly believe in God. After Macbeth has killed Duncan he makes several holy references. Elizabethan audiences believed in the divine right of kings. This is the belief that the kings is a special person and has been appointed by God. As did James I and Shakespeare, most people believed in the divine right of kings, so killing a king would be worse than a normal murder. People thought that if God had been upset then he would cause other tragic events to take place. This is why the audience would have been expecting the dreadful events following the death of King Duncan. Shakespeare mentions how the town had become panic stricken, and how there had been weird goings on. ha, good father, thou seest the heavens, as troubled with mans act, threatens his bloody stage. In Act 2 scene 4, Ross and an old man exchange views on the darkness and unnaturalness of the events that mirror Duncans murder. Duncans horses, beauteous and swift, turned wild in nature, contending gainst obedience. The two men discuss how they have seen with their own eyes, the sun being obscured, owls killin g falcons and Duncans horses eating each other. These misconducts would not have surprise the audience, but confirmed their beliefs. The way theShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of The Witches In Macbeth735 Words   |  3 Pages In the play Macbeth the three witches managed to change the future to what they had predicted. Other types of fantasy also played a role in making the tragic ending. These sorts of witchcraft or in other words magic made the play what it is and conveyed character such as Macbeth to do and think of certain things. The witches played a huge role in the story of Macbeth and made him become who he ends up as. Macbeth was a very honorable knight that served king Duncan till his last breath. He didRead MoreThe Role Of The Witches In Macbeth1395 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Macbeth is told his prophecy by the three witches, mysterious, secretive creatures, who we are left to develop our own vision of. Witches are known to represent evil, envy, and are always the villains of the story. In this novel, they are illustrated very similarly. In the beginning of the story, we learn that the witches are somehow associated with the weather, can cast spells, and like to take revenge. Macbeth pays the witches a visit to ask for hisRead MoreRole of the Witches in Macbeth1040 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play about morals and how people can be easily influenced. The audience at the time when the play was written were more superstitious than we are. They believed in witches and thought that they were the devils disciples. They were believed to be able to control the weather, blamed many things, such as outbreaks of disease on them. The first people to meet the Witches are Banquo and Macbeth. They find the witches appearance is vile. We can see this as Banquo says that â€Å"(they) look notRead More Roles of the Witches in Macbeth Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roles of the Witches in the Play Macbeth In this essay I will look at the role of the three witches and the influence they have on many of the central characters within Shakespeare’s play Macbeth. I will begin by outlining how the audience would have viewed the appearance of the witches on stage, and move on to show how Shakespeare used language to make them into a mystical yet strong presence. In Jacobean England, when Macbeth was first staged, the audience would have had a veryRead MoreThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth In the play, Shakespeare used the witches to represent the supernatural, evil, a destructive force and an inversion of natural order. At the time the play was written, people believed this, and feared witches. People believed that witches had the power to change the weather and other special powers such as predicting the future and the power of flight. In Act 1 SceneRead MoreRole Of Witches In Macbeth1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Wicked Witches of Scotland Throughout history, people have often fought over power and used it to dominate others. There are many forms of power such as physical strength, knowledge, wealth, possessions, and fear. These are simple, mundane powers that people can wield. However, in many religions and some superstitions, people believe in beings who possess supernatural powers. In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth there are such beings, more specifically witches, who have many paranormal capabilitiesRead More Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Role of the Witches1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth  Ã‚   When Shakespeare wrote his play, Macbeth in 1606 a large majority of people were interested in witchcraft. This is why Shakespeare made the witches and the witches’ prophecies play a major part in the storyline of the play. In the time of Macbeth witches were not thought to be supernatural beings themselves, but supposedly gained their powers by selling their souls to Satan. There can be little doubt that most of Shakespeare’s audience would have believedRead More The Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeares MacBeth688 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeares MacBeth MacBeth by William Shakespeare is a play which shows the uprise of MacBeth, the treachery and his eventual downfall. Witchcraft plays a major part in MacBeths actions and his weak character is easily manipulated. Although being an honest and brave man earlier, his ambition clouds his judgement. His life is tragic and through some terrible deeds ends in catastrophe. MacBeth is Thane of Glamis and a highly honorable and respectedRead MoreThe Roles of Witches in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roles of Witches in William Shakespeares Macbeth In the Elizabethan times, the people believed in witches and witchcraft. They were described as ugly and evil. Nowadays the people would not believe in them. The people in the Elizabethan times would be very scared of witches. This was equivalent to the people of nowadays being frightened about terrorists. The people thought that they were powerful beings. They thought that they would cast spells on them; they thoughtRead MoreThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare some time between 1603 and 1606 and is set in Scotland around 1040. The time it was written coincides with the reign of King James the First of England. King James showed a great interest in witches and powers of the supernatural and Macbeth was arguably written to impress the king in what were violent times. Shakespeare used witches as pivotal characters to create

Alternative Approaches to Strategic Management

Question: Discuss about the Alternative Approaches to Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction Strategic management refers to the formulation and implementation of significant goals and initiatives by an organisations executive management team on behalf of the shareholders. These decisions are often based on the consideration of the available resources and evaluation of all internal and external environment factors that affect the business operations. Strategic management provides organisations the overall direction and involves the specification of the entitys goals, designing of plans to achieve the objectives, and development of various policies. The strategic management process also entails allocation of allocating resources to attain the objectives (Rialp, Rialp, and Knight 2014). Academicians and practicing managers have over time developed a number of models and frameworks to help in the strategic decision-making processes. The models work differently in varied context, complex environments, and competitive dynamics. It is important to note at this state that strategic management is not static, but is rather dynamic. As a result, most of the models that have been developed over time include a feedback channel to help managers monitor the implementation of the strategies, hence, base their future decision on such findings (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 2012). One of the current strategic management models is the linear approach. The standard liner approach entails planned determination of initiatives, goals, and the allocation of resources along the lines of an all-encompassing strategy. The strategy often focuses on long term perspectives of the business, and emphasis is laid on managers exchanging information back and forth to make sure that all departments within the business follow the same strategic approach (Morecroft 2015). Scholars indicate that the approach is the most consistent with most strategic planning approaches and is likely to have an impact in the long planning horizon of the firm. One of the limitations, however, is that the strategist who uses the approach often deals with the environment as opposed to the specific issues that the business faces. That has led to the adoption and use of three main strategic approaches, which deal with the problem at hand and not just the business environment. These include the stakehol der approach, dynamic capabilities, and sustainable model (Kapferer 2012). The next sections of this essay discuss the three approaches and gives clear examples of their application. Finally the last section of the paper discusses the availability of each of the three strategies, suggests the benefits of each, looks at the implementation issues, and the limitations associated with the use of the three approaches. Three Main Approaches to Strategic Management Stakeholder Approach Strategic management has long been attributed with numerous competitive advantages, especially in congested markets. It is for the same reasons that strategic management has invented several approaches to ensuring that the practice takes both a business and socio-corporate effect. This is to imply that strategic management strives to ensure that enough revenue is generated from a given investment. On the other hand, socio-corporate virtue ought to be promoted by the same practice increasing product preference in the market. One of the main approaches used by firms includes the stakeholder approach which has come with a number of factors (Oliver and Holzinger 2008). The term stakeholder in a business entity implies to all those individuals who directly or indirectly affect the operations of the involved firm. These would mainly include the employees, the management, investment partners, consumers or customers and sometimes, competitors. For any management to be considered strategic, all of the above stakeholders should be well accounted for. Stakeholders approach to strategic management come with numerous incentives to a firm given that motivation levels and working conditions are ever conducive. This is to imply that profits take an upward curve in the performance graph as reflected in financial statements (Reed, et al. 2009). The objectives of strategic management using stakeholder approach tend to be all-inclusive as well as comprehensive. In most instances, stakeholder approach ensures that there is minimal resistance from all stakeholders as all of their prime needs are highly prioritized. For instance, dividends are equitably shared among investment partners leaving a minimal room for complains on unattended shares. From another angle, employees are perfectly fitted into the involved firms objective drive by ensuring that their wages are timely met and added incentives fairly distributed. With such an approach, it would be very rare to have internal and external resistance inhibiting revenue generation (Harrison, Bosse, and Phillips 2010). It would also be of essence to note that in stakeholder approach policies are jointly enacted by all of the involved parties. Whenever there is a change that has been deemed necessary for implementation, a joint meeting is conducted with all stakeholders representation present to ensure that the process is comprehensive and transparent. In such a management environment, it is expected that all of the requirements agreed upon in the meeting should be met amicably within the shortest time period. All of the barriers to the implementation of a policy are tabled during the joint meeting to avoid instances of delays. It should also be wise to acknowledge that a highly structured communication flow is developed for the management to be efficient (Jamali 2008). Dynamic Capability Approach In most organizations, the diversity in capability tends to be a vital element of management. This depends highly on the nature of operations that the firm is engaged in especially when it comes to complex and huge projects (Wu, et al. 2012). Logically, organizations include teamwork as one of the main channels of accomplishing both simple and complicated tasks. When an assignment is conducted individually, in most cases, there are numerous cases of irregularities in terms of unattended elements and mishandled requirements. It is for this main reason that organization adopts a dynamic capability approach to strategic management (Lee, et al. 2012). Nevertheless, there are two main factors that necessitate a dynamic capability approach. To begin with, a dynamic capability approach ensures that employees work at their best in terms of their skills. The competency is optimized by aligning their trained knowledge with a task at hand. For a teamwork assignment, this approach becomes most effective when individuals are expected to submit their scheduled modules (Beske 2012). The main hurdle in this approach tends to be that ability to map ones capability to the requirements of a given task. Aside from that, it would be very true to mention that this approach to strategic management especially in the production arena or department of a firm (Rodriguez, Ricart, and Sanchez 2002). Addressing the above from another angle, optimizing competency with respect to dynamic capability tends to be a motivational attribute in strategic management. This would be well explained by the fact that one assumes the responsibility of a task with full intention of submitting a quality assignment. From a personal point of view, any individual feels at ease working with less pressure on an area they are vast in. In turn, this intrinsically motivates an employee who works hard to ensure that they submit an assigned task to the best of their ability. In the business world, having quality submissions for assignments to employees is one of the main driving factors to success (Ambrosini and Bowman 2009). From a conclusive point of view, a dynamic capabilities approach becomes more effective when the management is able to integrate all of its expertise from different employees. It would be a very futile process if a firm has rich-skilled employee base yet it is unable to maximize on such resource. Therefore, strategic management ensures that dynamic capabilities are well incorporated into the firms goals and objectives for a successful venture. If a management would incorporate this approach and fail to have a complete integrating platform, then the entire approach would ever be faulty (Augier and Teece 2009). Sustainable Approach Given the statistics of organization management, it is estimated that a substantial number of both regional and global firms use the above approach for their strategic management. In simple terms, sustainable approach is a method of management where relevance describes the structure of operations. In other terms, the management approach used perfectly fits the operations of the firm regardless of the latters nature. This would imply that the involved firms management does not take a particular direction in terms of adhering to a particular management approach (Sala, Farioli, and Zamagni 2013). There are some firms which prefer dynamic capabilities approach to stakeholder approach. However, with the described management approach in practice, any management platform is used where necessary. This approach tends to be effective with respect to some vital underlying factors (Gupta and Kumar 2013). First and foremost, sustainable approach in strategic management focuses (primarily) on the results. The sustainability effect of the management practice ensures that assignments are always submitted in time with minimal errors. In general terms, any sustainable approach adopted for strategic management depicts a typical modern management which operates in rapidly changing market or environment (Hall and Wagner 2012). Just like any market, it would be very true to note that consumer needs keep on changing from time to time. It is for this reason that sustainability approach is mostly preferred over other management approaches (Castiaux 2012). It would also be of essence to note that sustainability approach assumes the role of one fit all for most organizations. This is to state that this approach would be used for any firm irrespective of the nature of its operation. Sustainability approach ensures that an organization stays in business for as long as it meets the demands of the market. This would include incorporating any management approach that would fit onto the operations of the involved firm (Hall and Wagner 2012). It would also be of essence to note that this approach can integrate other approaches using some of their vital elements for a given operation. For instance, having a task that requires specific expertise would be well managed by dynamic capabilities approach. The same task would also play an effective role in ensuring that the firm accrues as much revenue from the market as possible. In such a phenomenon, the stakeholder approach is used to sensitize on the importance of the task and its meaning to the f irm (Wheelen and Hunger 2011.). Summary of Application FiberTech uses the stakeholder approach strategic management in its Light Wave Cable project. The first step when using the strategy is to identify and classify the stakeholders of the project. The next step is to determine the role, power, interest, and influence of each of the stakeholders. That helps management indentify the key stakeholders in the project. In the formulation of the strategies for the implementation of the project the managers base their decisions on the needs, interest, and aspirations of the most important stakeholders in the project. That helps minimise the risk of the project encountering competing goals and maximises the resources required to successfully complete the undertaking (Jamali 2008). If the firm was to use the dynamic approach, the managers would focus on the changing aspects of the project. At each stage they would have to come up with an idea of how to implement the changes that take place throughout the process. The dynamic approach is best suited for a highly changing business environment is it ensures that the managers incorporate the changing elements of their environment as they progress with the implementation of the project. On the other hand, if the firm was to use the sustainable approach the aim would be to ensure that the project lasts for a long time and remains relevant in the long-term future. The first stage in the implementation of the sustainable approach is to forecast the future needs and trends of the business environment. That helps the managers form a basis for their project and determines what clients or stakeholders will require in the unforeseen future period (Hall and Wagner 2012; Jamali 2008). Conclusions Several scholars argue that the stakeholder approach is only applicable in short term projects, which at achieving specific goals. That is because the approach targets the most crucial stakeholders in a project. The managers of the firm use the interests, expectations, and goals the most crucial stakeholders after an analysis of all the parties involved in the execution of the project, to determine next course of action in the implementation process (Oliver and Holzinger 2008). The dynamic capabilities approach is considered a valid model to use in an extremely dynamic environment. That is the case because the approach aims at maximising the capabilities of the employees and managers in a project. The idea is to equip them with the latest competences required to compete fairly with other major players in the industry. Proponents of the dynamic capabilities argue that the aim of the business is to create additional value. Therefore, for the firm to ensure continued competitiveness, the managers must adopt a flexible approach to the business so that it adapts to the changing nature of its competitive environment (Hall and Wagner 2012). The stainable approach is based on the need for the form to accept that the business environment is part of the natural and social systems. That means that for the firm to survive into the long-term unforeseen future, the managers must respect members of the social and natural environment in which it operates. Academicians and scholars agree that the approach is valid in projects that the firm intends to continue operating in the long-term future (Sala, Farioli, and Zamagni 2013). Suggested Benefits There are suggested benefits for each of the approaches discusses in this paper, Fir the stakeholder approach open of the main benefits is that the enhances objectivity in the attainment of a projects goals. Anther benefit is that it is economic in the sense that the firm does not waste resources implementing interests of stakeholders who will not influence the project in the first place. The dynamic capabilities model is said to be flexible and efficient in terms of skill and competency development in the firm. Finally, the sustainable approach makes it easy for the firm to survive and remain relevant in the business in the long-term future (Sala, Farioli, and Zamagni 2013). Implementation Issues The main implementation issue faced in the execution of the three approaches is the dynamic nature ft he business environment, it is difficult to predict accurately the future occurrences within the business world. As a result, mangers need to take the time and research thoroughly to determine the best and most effective approach and one that they can implement without many uncertainties in the future (Hall and Wagner 2012; Oliver and Holzinger 2008). Limitations Each of the three approaches has some limitations. The main limitation of using the stakeholder approach is that it is difficult to compromise or balance stakeholders interest against one another. By assuming that some of the stakeholders are important than others, the approach fails to implement some crucial strategist that would help steer the firm foreword. The dynamic capabilities approach is considered to be expensive by some managers as they have to constantly review the business trends and revise their existing strategies (Hall and Wagner 2012). Finally, the sustainable approach is costly and time consuming, which limits its application in most businesses. However, it is important to note that from the analysis in this essay, the sustainable approach to strategic management is the most effective for use if the firm intends to remain relevant for a long-time in the future (Oliver and Holzinger 2008). Reference List Ambrosini, V. and Bowman, C., 2009. What are dynamic capabilities and are they a useful construct in strategic management?International journal of management reviews,11(1), pp.29-49. Augier, M. and Teece, D.J., 2009. Dynamic capabilities and the role of managers in business strategy and economic performance.Organization science,20(2), pp.410-421. Beske, P., 2012. Dynamic capabilities and sustainable supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(4), pp.372-387. Castiaux, A., 2012. Developing dynamic capabilities to meet sustainable development challenges.International Journal of Innovation Management,16(06), p.1240013. Freeman, R.E., 2010.Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge University Press. Gupta, S. and Kumar, V., 2013. Sustainability as corporate culture of a brand for superior performance.Journal of World Business,48(3), pp.311-320. Hall, J. and Wagner, M., 2012. Integrating sustainability into firms' processes: Performance effects and the moderating role of business models and innovation.Business Strategy and the Environment,21(3), pp.183-196. Harrison, J.S., Bosse, D.A. and Phillips, R.A., 2010. Managing for stakeholders, stakeholder utility functions, and competitive advantage.Strategic Management Journal,31(1), pp.58-74. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Jamali, D., 2008. A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility: A fresh perspective into theory and practice.Journal of business ethics,82(1), pp.213-231. Kapferer, J.N., 2012.The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lee, S., Geum, Y., Lee, H. and Park, Y., 2012. Dynamic and multidimensional measurement of product-service system (PSS) sustainability: a triple bottom line (TBL)-based system dynamics approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,32, pp.173-182. Morecroft, J.D., 2015.Strategic modelling and business dynamics: a feedback systems approach. John Wiley Sons. Oliver, C. and Holzinger, I., 2008. The effectiveness of strategic political management: A dynamic capabilities framework. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), pp.496-520. Reed, M.S., Graves, A., Dandy, N., Posthumus, H., Hubacek, K., Morris, J., Prell, C., Quinn, C.H. and Stringer, L.C., 2009. Who's in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management.Journal of environmental management,90(5), pp.1933-1949. Rialp, A., Rialp, J. and Knight, G., 2014. International entrepreneurship.The Routledge Companion to International Entrepreneurship, p.7. Rodriguez, M.A., Ricart, J.E. and Sanchez, P., 2002. Sustainable development and the sustainability of competitive advantage: A dynamic and sustainable view of the firm.Creativity and Innovation Management,11(3), pp.135-146. Sala, S., Farioli, F. and Zamagni, A., 2013. Life cycle sustainability assessment in the context of sustainability science progress (part 2).The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,18(9), pp.1686-1697. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2011.Concepts in strategic management and business policy. Pearson Education India. Wu, Q., He, Q., Duan, Y. and O'Regan, N., 2012. Implementing dynamic capabilities for corporate strategic change toward sustainability.Strategic Change,21(5?6), pp.231-247.