OB standard

Comparing western and Philippine standards and Issues regarding maternal and child health care A. Advanced Nurse Roles Nurses are the ones primarily doing the health assessment and they expand their roles by not Just being an educator or a following physician's order. They also know how to look and assess a person and have a diagnosis which can help them determine the mother's need. They can find signs that can lead them to modify their plan and make the most appropriate care management for them.They can order lab exults and are also trained to read diagnostic test results and participate in research studies. They collaborate with other health care teams to formulate a care plan and they motivate the patients to cooperate. B. Ethical & Legal Issues Laws and bills: Philippines, being a conservative country, has laws that ensure the rights of the fetus and even though bills (egg. RE BILL) are being proposed to be the solution for the problems in our country, we are still tentative and looking at it very carefully.The Filipino people believe that these bills can still have some reformations and that it ill be less immoral and more ethical. Western countries are more liberated that the Philippines, thus they have laws regarding the maternal and child health care (egg. Legal abortions). Ethical Issues In Reproduction Involve conflicts In which a woman behaves In a way that may cause harm to her or the fetus. Conflicts occur when the mothers needs, behaviors or wishes may injure the fetus Infertility Treatment Perennial technology has found was for previously infertile couples to bear children.But ethical concerns include the high cost and overall low success of some infertility reattempts. Other ethical concerns focused on the fate of unused embryos- should it be kept for later use or for genetic research. Surrogate parenting It's when a woman agrees to bear an Infant for another woman. Conception may take place outside the body using ova and sperm from the couple t hen Implanted on the surrogate mother. An issue closely related to surrogate parenting is the use of donor Fetal Injury If a mother's action cause injury to her fetus, whether she should be restrained or prosecuted had legal and ethical implications.

Michael Jordan & Basketball

When someone says the name Michael Jordan, the first thing that comes to mind is basketball, The Chicago Bulls and Nike shoes. Through the years, Michael Jordan has proved time and time again that he is the greatest basketball player ever, and by performing in this rapidly expanding sporting field, he has gained tremendous popularity throughout the world. People of all ages and from all nationalities have gathered to watch him play. A journalist states ‘even your Aunt Matilda might not know nothing about basketball, liked watching him play† (Jonathon 1999:58). Jordan has become more than just an entertainer. He is a hero and a role model amongst basketball spectators. Johnson claims that ‘he is the most famous American in the world† (ibid.). Perhaps he was born to be the best. Even though he is a star, Michael†s childhood had been very distressing. In fact, Michael Jordan was nearly miscarried by his mother. His nose bled from birth till he was five, he nearly suffocated when he fell behind the bed as a baby and nearly killed himself when an electrocution threw him three feet. In Jordan†s own words, he exclaims I mean my girlfriend got swept in a flood and drowned when we were in college. Another time, I was swimming with a friend when both of us got pulled into the ocean by a strong undertow. I was able to get free and make it back to land. He never made it back (Jordan 1998:96). Additionally, after going through so many traumatic and distressing times, not many people would have been able to live their dreams. But Jordan performed the task of living his dream exceptionally well. Despite a somewhat desperate childhood, Michael Jordan enjoyed his time at school. He did his first years of schooling at D.C. Virgo Junior High School and later graduated to Lanley High School where he began practicing intensively on his basketball skills. He was accepted in the University of North Carolina through a basketball scholarship. At the university, Michael took on the challenge of driving his teammates to a level of performance that they might never have achieved on their own. He scored the winning basket in the National Collegiate Athletic Association championship game in 1982. A sportswriter describes ‘the relentlessness with which Michael Jordan prodded and cajoled the other players in leading them to championship season after championship season† (Lazenby 1996:37). The glorious moments achieved by Michael Jordan were soon vaporised by a permanent shadow. In 1993, an agonising incident shattered Jordan†s excitement after winning his third championship. Moments after the game, Michael†s father, James Jordan, was brutally murdered by two ruthless teenagers. This was a severe tragedy in Michael†s life; his father was gone. For this reason, Michael decided to retire from Basketball and play Baseball in memory of his father. This was because James Jordan adored Baseball (Jordan 1998:112). He signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox, but was unsuccessful (Encarta 1999). Hence Jordan returned to his favorable professional sport of basketball. Allison exclaims ‘at a press conference, Michael only said two words, I†m back!† (Samuels 1999). The ball started to roll again. But the anxiety of the spectators only lasted till the end of 1997. By far, the Chicago Bulls had been hit the hardest with the news of Jordan†s retirement. The breakup arose when the management refused to pay Phil Jackson, coach of the Chicago Bulls, what he deserved after bringing six NBA championships to the Bulls. When Jackson abandoned the team, Jordan refused to play for a new coach. After Jordan officially announced his retirement, basketball great, Scottie Pippen was traded to the Houston Rockets. Only four players of the previous year†s team still remained on the Chicago Bulls. Stein considers ‘many have made the prediction that the bulls will lose mare games in this shortened season than they did all last year† (Stein 1999). The die-hard Chicago Bulls fans will always hold a special place in their heart for Michael Jordan. They will tell their sons and daughters about him, they will get out the old VHS tapes of games that they have recorded and they will pass along basketball cards that will be worth hundreds of dollars. Those of us who have seen him play will always remember him and what he has done for the game of basketball. For those who haven†t will have to settle for the endless highlight reels and Nike commercials to keep his memory alive.

Role of HR in developing talent at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Role of HR in developing talent at work - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that dynamic organizations try to identify the top potentials in the company and try to leverage their capabilities. It is the competence that organizations must possess for attaining a sustainable competitive advantage. There have been contradictory views regarding the contributions HR has made towards developing and managing talents. According to the findings of the research conducted by the Corporate Leadership Council (CLC), only 30% of the organizations were found to apply disciplines of managing talent apart from their regular functions like recruitment, selection, training, compensation management etc. According to another survey conducted by the same institution in 2006 on the critical skills that the HR staff must possess, the HR functions rated themselves according to the functions that they considered themselves best at applying. 41% of the organizations were of the opinion that they were best at applying methods associated with re cruiting new staffs in the organizations. The survey clearly reflected the fact that only 25% of the organizations surveyed were good at applying talent development strategies at the workplace. The tendency of HR has always been inward-looking. Also, it has been particularly over conscious of its role in adding value to businesses. According to Ulrich, when he tried to push HR towards attaining a more strategic role, people belonging to HR functions were reluctant to work in a strategic manner. Their focus was more on themselves rather than on the business. Thus issues like development of talents in the workplace with the aim of growing the business took a backseat and the emphasis was more on developing themselves independently.

First-hand narrative of a Gilded-Age Prostitute Essay

First-hand narrative of a Gilded-Age Prostitute - Essay Example The father’s joblessness ensured their discontinued education while her mother’s ill-timed pregnancy, sickly child and poor health rendered her incapable of doing much to help her family. It is in their neighborhood that Madeline got involved with the wrong company and came pregnant outside wedlock, a situation of often warranting phenomenal stigma at the time. Mrs James, a former servant in Missouri sends for her and she goes to work in a factory; however, due to her pregnancy she runs off with her saving to hide herself from the shame. This is when she realizes that surviving in the town without a job is next to is exceedingly difficult and getting a job without references and experiences is impossible. When her savings run out, she starts taking men to bed for money although it is not easy for her and she is at times â€Å"robbed† of her earnings. She tries picking clients in the streets, but she finds she lacks the â€Å"brass† for it and ends up being a kept woman for a man who looks after her In addition to infecting her with, a venereal disease and expects payment in sex. She finally entered a brothel and commenced, her career as a prostitute under the management of the owner of the â€Å"house† Miss Laura and it is here that she acquired the name Madeline. That was the beginning of her life as a prostitute and she went on to ply her trade, from Butte, Montana, and she later became the Madame of her own house in San Francisco. Life in the gilded age was characterized with aspects of acute social stratification distinct in the differences between members of different classes, with the gap between the upper and lower classes being predominantly based on financial prowess. For instance, one of the most brutal beatings she got form her father was because of playing with the child of one of the servants whose friendship was frowned against (Lindsey 6). Society was highly patriarchal and men in most institutions be it family or work had the last word, while women were often subject to harsh and unfair treatment and could not take control of even their own lives. After their father abandoned them, it is Madeline’s brother who takes up the responsibility of â€Å"Man of the House† evidently a house had to have a man to run properly. The moral condition in Kansas City according to the writer was abominable, there were vice flourished all over and there were many houses of pleasure not only in Kansas but also the other cities such as Texas. This was the period of industrialization, rural decline and urbanization; the rural decline is seen in the way her idyllic life in the country comes to an end due to her father’s failure and like many who failed to survive in the rural areas, her family moved to a town and she later moved to town and thus completed the cycle of urbanization. It is here that she comes face to face with the reality of industrialization urbanization and they significant ly affect her life, she works in the dressing factory as a check girl a job she didn’t dislike although the noise of machines haunted her for many nights. The rural urban migration inevitably leads to overcrowding in towns which as well as unemployment, and this hit her hard when she runs out of her job and tried to secure another one.

Society and its Attraction to Jury Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Society and its Attraction to Jury Trial - Essay Example Furthermore, the individual jurors, chosen randomly, often face a lot of pressure in the form of intricate and lengthy case proceedings, which are unjustified and often lead to negative impact on the case outcome. There have been issues as regards the jury expertise on objectivity of decisions taken, as some experts argued that jury trials tend to be more emotional or sentimental (hence biased) in nature, rather than being logical, thus, attracting more than the due share of media and society attention.2 In fact, Penny Darbyshire describes the jury system as â€Å"an anti-democratic, irrational, and haphazard legislator, whose erratic and secret decisions run counter to the rule of law.†3 Such problems as pointed by the critics are inherent within the UK jury trial system, leading to demands for bringing in radical reforms in the UK legal policies and for abolishment of this many centuries old celebrated institution of criminal justice. The role of the juries within the legal system translates to the simple fact that legally unqualified people (the layman) are given significance within the highly specialised profession of law, and their assistance taken to provide justice to the public. The chief function of the jury is to listen to the facts presented during the case proceedings and based on these facts produce a verdict (in terms of case resolution within criminal/ civil cases), of guilty or not guilty. This essay will examine the role of the jury and explore the advantages and disadvantages of the system to seek whether Roskill had rightfully claimed that jury trials do not deliver justice, as they are more sentimental and emotionally driven, instead of being logical in nature, and tend to attract more media and society attraction than necessary. Discussion The jury system in UK Jury system in UK has been in vogue for more than 1,000 years, and according to some reports even existed before the Norman Conquest.4 The jury system, thus, always played a s ignificant part in balancing the British legal system. In the present legal scenario, jury independence is given a great deal of importance, where many feel that juries should not be meddled with or pressurised, while deciding a case. The position of the juries as the only arbiters in a case was evident in the famous Bulshell case of 1670, 5 and in the more recent R v Mc Kenna (1960).6 In both the cases, the independent roles of juries were highlighted, where they had acted separately from the judge, while taking a decision. While selecting a jury, an official at the Crown Court selects jurors randomly, from the official data system, and even though only a 12-member jury is needed for a case hearing, more members are generally selected, to provide for any absentee jury members.7 In England and Wales there are three forms of criminal offences, where ‘summary’ offences (ones considered as being of minimal seriousness) can be tried only at the Magistrates’ Court, wi th two to three magistrates in presence.8 Criminal offences that are more serious in nature and categorised as ‘

GDP Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GDP Growth - Essay Example In addition, empirically, studying crises is exigent as small samples and partial data is the only available inference. This exploration is going to look into the crises that hit the world and focus on the assessment of the effects on mortgage, credit, derivatives and insurance markets the crises had on national economies. Moreover, the study will scrutinize the stabilization policies nations used to address the destabilization of the markets. With reference to, the experiences of two countries had in the period the crises hit the nations the study will contrast the events comprehensively. Lastly, the paper will look into the precautions and role the central bank played to stabilize the business cycle (Anand et al, 2013). . The crisis Several asset price bubbles like the real estate and the credit bubble, which led to a bloated advantage in banking, caused the crises. As at know the globe has accepted the situation. The crisis had contribution to the euro area where the bubble was as prominent as it was in the United States of America. The rise of house prices and the increase on credit to sustain the lives of the citizens was evident in both Europe and USA but the Euro was hard hit as compared to the USA. For instance, the financial and corporate sectors give a higher inference as compared to the USA. ... The towering savings ratio in China for instance assisted financing a growing present account deficit in the US with no accumulation in interest rate charges. Globalization plus productivity increase, in particular the information technology, declined inflation strain, which in blend with an expansionary fiscal strategy predestined that interest rates go very low. The low interest rates plus an ample liquidity instigated the credit boom in the fiscal markets. A disregard of risk bloated the growth of the monetary sector and fashioned an unbalanced fiscal system. This underrating was due to a number of aspects. New financial improvements and overall system risks were ill understood. Evaluation authorities failed to evaluate the hazards linked with for instance, structured finance. Pro-cyclical bookkeeping values also encouraged the credit explosion in the equivalent trend. In addition, several particular policies such as the US plan to boost home tenure amplified the sub-prime mortgag e market, which resulted to a reduced credit regulation in the country. Governments and central banks have the liability of maintenance of the economic stability through appropriate administration and parameter of the monetary markets. Still, the decision-making structure in many areas was disjointed extending to a deficiency of accountability for the system-wide risks (Anand et al, 2013). . The Effect that Destabilized Credit, Mortgage, and Insurance Markets have had on National Economies The effect that destabilized credit, mortgage, and insurance market is that the crisis had on the markets was different in diverse countries. This was due to the instigators in the countries. Effect on credit The effect on credit disturbed the consumer behavior in the country. The

The tate gallery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The tate gallery - Essay Example This is where marketing comes in handy. Marketing is a very important function of any business. Marketing involves identifying the customer needs and then making products that will satisfy those needs (Kotler et al 2007). Marketing is very important and beneficial to all the parties since the consumer will be provided with the goods he or she needs while the producer or seller will sell most if not all of the products since the products are produced as per the demand (Scott, 2008). The Tate Gallery uses marketing in advertising its artwork. They send out staff that studies the market and then brings the results. An area of study could be: prevailing conditions in the market (Kotler et al 2006). The Gallery then advertises those artworks which are most likely to attract the attention of the public. The artworks could be those that represent the current situations faced by various countries or the world in general (New York Times, 2009). The public’s curiosity will be stirred and they will want to see more of what the art Gallery has. This will draw more customers to the Gallery (Chamot et al 1964). Marketing is characterised with the marketing mix which is also commonly referred to as the 4Ps (Kotler et al 2007). These Ps include price, place, product and promotion. Price is that amount that is charged on a product. Price is determined by factors such as buyers perception of the value of the product, costs of the raw materials, level of competition, market share etc. Product is defined as that object or service that is produced in large numbers. Examples of products are the art paintings, sculptures etc. Examples of services are the hotel service, tourism etc. Place is the site at which the product is bought; the place maybe a physical location or a virtual location. Promotion is the means through which the marketer communicates any kind of information that will help him or her in his or her job. There are four major aspects

Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Blog - Essay Example Generally speaking BBC has the responsibility of telecasting news in a genuine manner with accurate news content. It also has the responsibility to enhance creativity and promote skill of future generation in media profession. There are also difference between quality and popular newspaper where the former projects international and national news but will have politically biased content while popular papers are consumed by readers who are minorly educated. Language and layout of quality paper is precise whereas popular paper gives news in fancy layout and less authentic language. It could be said that the quality of journalism has increased due to the arrival of social media. The diversity of news broadcasting also has increased with the incoming of social media. Moreover users can research their news related and also can broadcast through blogs and updates in social networking sites. However it is sad that in my home country government does censor the press and regulate news which is

Kmart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kmart - Case Study Example By bringing down its operational costs an organization can offer its products and services at lower prices. It can also earn higher profits because either the profit margins are greater or the sales volume has increased. Thus an organization which follows an overall lower cost strategy can gain an edge over its competitors. Cost leadership strategy works well for the company in the event of a price war in the industry. (Kotler, 2006) Another strategy followed by Wal-Mart was differentiation focus strategy. Underneath this strategy, Wal-Mart introduced its stores in rural and suburban areas. (Wheelen& Hunger, 2008) By utilizing differentiation focus strategy a firm differentiates its products from that of its competitors based on some attributes that allow the consumers to perceive the products as different from its competitors. A firm looks for differentiation in a particular segmented target market. Target and Kohl’s followed differentiation strategy. Target and Kohl’s applied value proposition in which these companies communicated the benefits they can deliver to the customers. Target flourished well because it provided products at low prices with high quality catering to youth in urban areas. (Wheelen& Hunger, 2008) 2. The amalgamation of both lower cost strategy and differentiation focus strategy were most effective. This can be exemplified by Wal-Mart that utilized both and became the leading story in the retail sector. The lower price of Wal-Mart creates a barrier for the new entrants as these new entrants cannot break through the cost advantage of the leader. The Wal-Marts differentiation focus allowed it to concentrate on the particular needs of a segmented market more efficiently as compared to its competitors. (Wheelen& Hunger, 2008) Lower Cost Strategy: In the presence of leaders like Wal-Mart and Target, Kmart has little alternatives in making pricing strategy to match up with these leaders.

Group Decision-making Techniques Recommended to Lieutenant Coleman J Case Study - 1

Group Decision-making Techniques Recommended to Lieutenant Coleman J. Karras - Case Study Example Brainstorming would be the perfect way to get things started for Mr. Karras with his group as he doesn’t have much idea about his new graphic arts department. It would be better if he complies strictly with Osborn’s method of brainstorming in an orthodox fashion.   Withholding criticism, combining and improving ideas, welcoming unusual ideas and focusing on quantity will be the most effective four principles that can be incorporated into this task. The situation demands to work in a group where Mr. Karras doesn’t have much idea about the bureau and what works and what doesn’t, therefore the only way for him to have a say is without anyone criticizing to his ideas on the spot because when that happens, it stops the flow of new ideas, bad ideas can be sifted out later on. And it is always a good plan to merge raw ideas and make them converge to form one big idea. As far as welcoming unusual ideas are concerned, that is much needed as much is expected of Mr. Karras if he wants to live up to his reputation. This bureau is a laughing stock for the police department and a lot of work needs to be done towards improvement, therefore without some unusual ideas that are both efficient and feasible, setting things right will take a lot of time and that can damage the name of Mr. Karras. Focusing on quantity will deliver quick measurable results. Mr. Karras just need to make sure that reviewing of group ideas should discard t he bad suggestions. The results will be achieved better by brainstorming than using any other group decision-making technique like the Nominal Group Technique and Delphi Technique as both require some form of expert reasoning in the initial stages and Mr. Karras is quite new to this department. Brainstorming will help get the graphics art bureau back on track. It is the fastest method to innovate something in an old department that had been abandoned due to lack of appropriate management techniques.  Ã‚  

Time management Essay Example for Free

Time management Essay In this paper we are going to discuss the effects of time management and how it can help you in your daily activities. Time management is very important in many aspects of our lives whether it’s doing schoolwork, getting ready for work, or getting the kids ready for their sporting events. As one can see time management has many different effects on our lives, both as adults and as an adolescent. Therefore, using time management in our daily lives helps us every day and one will see the effects that it has on us even if we don’t know how to manage our time efficiently and effortlessly. Time management can be used in many different ways throughout the day. When managing our time during the day, often people will try to keep you from finishing your duties in a timely manner. However, discussing time management one will see how it will help them in many of their daily activities and the effects that it has. Time Management affects us in many ways throughout our daily lives. Sometimes time management can affect us by people stopping us on the way to work, while we are on a phone call, or even that last minute thing that has to be done before we can leave. We have to manage our time daily, such as when we first wake up for the day, to start getting ready for work or even to get our day started. Managing our time effectively during the day is a soft skill that not many people have and are able to us effectively. It is often said that study has shown that self-management in the setting of adolescents with disabilities showed that there were many variations among these people(DiPipi-Hoy, Caroline; Jitendra, Asha K; Kern, Lee pgs. 145-159). However, time management and self-management affects those with disabilities and it also affects those that don’t have any disabilities. Most of us have problems with time management, whereas with others it comes fairly easy because they have things written down on calendars, daily planners or even have reminders stored in their phones. In today’s society it is hard to manage our time wisely and efficiently because there are many daily activities that are going on throughout the day that affects them from managing their time appropriately. However, those with certain disabilities find it harder to manage their time better than others. In 2004 there was a mandated Individuals with Disabilities Act, which required schools to include transition goals in what is called an Individualized Education Program by the age of 16(DiPipi-Hoy, Caroline; Jitendra, Asha K; Kern, Lee pgs145-159). Time management affects many different people in many different ways daily, because they are not able to break things down so that they can get the things done that they need to do and be able to do them in a timely manner. With today’s society it is harder to manage our time efficiently because throughout the day we have many things that go on. Time Management can help us in many different ways throughout our daily activities. Time manage is a soft skill that we obtain throughout our lifetime, it helps us as individuals mange what and how we do things during the day. Although, while using it one can see that he or she doesn’t have enough time in one day to get everything done at one time. However, to manage our time as individuals, we would need to break up our daily activities into many smaller time frames throughout the day so that we are able to complete them in a timely manner. What one will see is that time management is not only a soft skill it is also a hard skill that they learn over the duration of their lifetime. When one uses this skill, he or she will see that it often harder at times to make time during the day, to do everything they have to do, and that is why scheduling things around certain times of the day are needed and give it will give you a time frame to get it done. I chose this topic of time management to show the effects of time management and how it will help us in our daily lives. I often find myself running low on time during the day, so what I do is I use a schedule book and reminders to remind myself what I have got to get done and give myself a allotted time to get it done and then I will move onto the next thing. I believe that not only myself but everyone else can build a time management schedule that will help them maintain daily activities throughout their day so that they are able to complete them in a timely manner. When using time management one need to have a set schedule of things that they have to do and give themselves enough time throughout the day. While reading the effects of time management, we have seen what one can do to manage their time efficiently and how to complete their daily activities. Time management is a soft skill that is acquired throughout our lifetime and continues to grow as we grow. However, managing our time with everything that we do during the day maybe hard for us to do, it can be done without any hesitation at all. Time management means to me that one has the ability to manage their time through many things in their lives whether they have a disability or not. In conclusion, time management is stated as follows: the analysis of how working hours are spent and the prioritization of tasks in order to maximize personal efficiency in the http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/time+management? s=t) References DiPipi-Hoy, C. , Jitendra, A. K. , Kern, L. (2009). Effects of time management instruction on adolescents ability to self-manage time in a vocational setting. The Journal of Special Education, 43(3), 145-159. doi:http://dx. doi. org/10. 1177/0022466908317791 http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/time+management? s=t.

Compare and Contrast Poems by John Donne and Michael Drayton Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Poems by John Donne and Michael Drayton Essay The poem, To his coy mistress is very much Carpe Diem but the poet Andrew Marvell who wrote it was influenced by both Metaphysical and Classical types of poetry, the way in the beginning of the poem he seems to talk about things in a very slow way, walking, time slowing down to try to woe the women in a much quicker, the poem also shows a lot of Petrachan influences as when Andrew Marvell says Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze and Thy beauty shall no more be found. The poem is very much more in use of words that show the women in which the poem is talking about as being a goddess as I said earlier; this seems to play a large part in the poem. poem which is also very Carpe Diem is, to the virgins, to make much of time, this poem uses irregular (starvea) stress and unstressed words, but does have a regular amount of feet throughout the poem. The poem The Flea is very different to the other two before, it is a metaphysical poem which is much more interesting, it uses a much more dialectic view of wooing a women. It uses the fact that as a flea has bitten both the poet and the women of whom he is in love with, that it means that there are three lives all together in one and that him and his love almost more than maryed are. The structure of the poem uses the end of each paragraph as a conclusion for what it has just been stating. The poem uses imagery as it describes the two lovers together in the Flea with its dark walls of Jet referring to the colour jet black as there is no light in the Flea. At the end of the poem it shows that the women is wanting to kill the flea and he is comparing himself to the flea and saying that the flea is innocent because all it has done is take a tiny prick of blood from her and is it really worth the fleas life. The poet is using the idea of persuasion on the women by using the flea as an example. When it comes to the conclusion of the last paragraph it shows the poets persuasion again for that by the women killing the flea it has taken a small bit of life away rom her as it bit her and took some of her blood. The poet is much more different to the previous poets also as his persuasion has much more of a point to it, and uses a more intelligent argument against the women. The next poem was Song. To Celia, this is a classical poem which emphasises carpe diem is interesting. The poem is not in a common dialectic structure, it does have a felling that the poem is mainly based on the, fast, quick, instant love at the start of the poem. The poem involves a very large part at the end of an affair scene where Ben Johnson writes Of a few household spies? Or his easier ears beguile, this is speaking about the servants of the house in which the women which the man is involved with stays at, that they will only have to trick the servants from seeing them together. The structure of the poem is done using rhyming couplets and a trochaic tetrameter, the poem can be related to, to his Coy Mistress as it is also Carpe Diem. The poem, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love; this poem is a very stereotypical one as it portrays an idealised view of the country, it shows a much pastured view of the countryside. The poem is trochaic and it keeps a steady a,a,b,b pattern. The poet obviously did not have any view of the country and was probably a city person. The poem speaks about him and his love being whisked away into the countryside to live there in peace, with beds of roses for his love. The view of country is very much like a place that would be very hard to find in life; it is a much idealised view. The poem Sonnet is a very strange one; it does not have a set pattern for its rhythm and is very staggered. It involves the poet explaining all the different ways in which he loves the women in speaking. It uses classical influences with the poem having no persuasive felling to it. The poet uses Petrachan factors as the poet says about he loves all the aspects of the women, her breath, loving her freely, and purely.

Economics Essays Petroleum Price Oil Economy

Economics Essays Petroleum Price Oil Economy Petroleum Price Oil and the Economy Summary The vulnerability of oil-importing countries to higher oil prices varies markedly depending on the degree to which they are net importers and the oil intensity of their economies. According to the results of a quantitative exercise carried out by the IEA in collaboration with the OECD Economics Department and with the assistance of the International Monetary Fund Research Department. Euro-zone countries, which are highly dependent on oil imports, suffered the most in the short term, their GDP dropping by 0.5% and inflation rising by 0.5% in 2007. The United States suffered the least, with GDP falling by 0.3%, largely because indigenous production meets a bigger share of its oil needs. Japan’s GDP fell 0.4%, with its relatively low oil intensity compensating to some extent for its almost total dependence on imported oil. In all OECD regions, these losses should start to diminish in the following three years as global trade in non-oil goods and services recovers. This analysis assumes constant exchange rates. Oil prices impact the health of the world economy. Higher oil prices since 1999 – partly the result of OPEC supply-management policies – contributed to the global economic downturn in 2000-2001 and are dampening the current cyclical upturn. World GDP growth may have been at least half a percentage point higher in the last two or three years had prices remained at mid-2001 levels. Current fears of OPEC supply cuts, political tensions in Venezuela and tight stock prices have driven up international crude oil and product prices even further. The adverse economic impact of higher oil prices on oil-importing developing countries is generally even more severe than OECD countries. This is because their economies are more dependent on imported oil are more energy-intensive, and energy is used less efficiently. On average, oil-importing developing countries use more than twice the amount of oil to produce a unit of economic output as do OECD countries. Developing countries are also less able to weather the financial turmoil wrought by higher oil-import costs. India spent $15 billion, equivalent to 3% of its GDP, on oil imports in 2003. This is 16% higher than its 2001 oil-import bill. It is estimated that the loss of GDP averages 0.8% in Asia and 1.6% in very poor highly indebted countries in the year following. The loss of GDP in the Sub-Saharan African countries would be more than 3%. The impact of higher oil prices on economic growth in OPEC countries would depend on a variety of factors, particularly how the windfall revenues are spent. In the long term, however, OPEC oil revenues and GDP are likely to be lower, as higher prices would not fully compensate for lower production. In the IEA’s recent World Energy Investment Outlook, cumulative OPEC revenues are $400 billion lower over the period 2001-2030 under a Restricted Middle East Investment Scenario, in which policies to limit the growth in production in that region lead to on average 20% higher prices, compared to the Reference Scenario. Introduction This paper reviews how oil prices affect the macro-economy and assesses quantitatively the extent to which the economies of OECD and developing countries remain vulnerable to a sustained period of higher oil prices. It summarizes the findings of a quantitative exercise carried out by the IEA in collaboration with the OECD Economics Department and with the assistance of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Research Department. That work, which made use of the large-scale economic models of all three organizations, constitutes the most up-to-date analysis of the impact of higher oil prices on the global economy. Oil prices have been creeping higher in recent months: the prices of Brent and WTI – the leading benchmark physical crude oils. These price increases and the possibility of further increases in the future have drawn attention again to the threat they pose to the global economy. The next section describes the general mechanism by which higher oil prices affect the global economy. This is followed by a quantitative assessment of the impact of a sustained rise in the oil price on, first, the OECD countries and then on the developing countries and transition economies. Finally the net effect on the global economy is summarized. Oil Price and the Global Economy Oil prices remain an important determinant of global economic performance. Overall, an oil-price increase leads to a transfer of income from importing to exporting countries through a shift in the terms of trade. The magnitude of the direct effect of a given price increase depends on the share of the cost of oil in national income, the degree of dependence on imported oil and the ability of end-users to reduce their consumption and switch away from oil. It also depends on the extent to which gas prices rise in response to an oil-price increase, the gas-intensity of the economy and the impact of higher prices on other forms of energy that compete with or, in the case of electricity, are generated from oil and gas. Naturally, the bigger the oil-price increase and the longer higher prices are sustained, the bigger the macroeconomic impact. For net oil-exporting countries, a price increase directly increases real national income through higher export earnings, though part of this gain would be later offset by losses from lower demand for exports generally due to the economic recession suffered by trading partners. Adjustment effects, which result from real wage, price and structural rigidities in the economy, add to the direct income effect. Higher oil prices lead to inflation increased input costs, reduced non-oil demand and lower investment in net oil importing countries. Tax revenues fall and the budget deficit increases, due to rigidities in government expenditure, which drives interest rates up. Because of resistance to real declines in wages, an oil price increase typically leads to upward pressure on nominal wage levels. Wage pressures together with reduced demand tend to lead to higher short term unemployment. These effects are greater the more abrupt and the more pronounced the price increase and are magnified by the impact of higher prices on consumer and business confidence. An oil-price increase also changes the balance of trade between countries and exchange rates. Net oil-importing countries normally experience deterioration in their balance of payments and putting downward pressure on exchange rates. As a result, imports become more expensive and exports less valuable, leading to a drop in real national income. Without a change in central bank and government monetary policies, the dollar may tend to rise as oil-producing countries’ demand for dollar-denominated international reserve assets grow. The economic and energy-policy response to a combination of higher inflation, higher unemployment, lower exchange rates and lower real output also affects the overall impact on the economy over the longer term. Government policy cannot eliminate the adverse impacts described above but it can minimize them. Similarly, inappropriate policies can worsen them. Overly contractionary monetary and fiscal policies to contain inflationary pressures could exacerbate the recessionary income and unemployment effects. On the other hand, expansionary monetary and fiscal policies may simply delay the fall in real income necessitated by the increase in oil prices, stoke up inflationary pressures and worsen the impact of higher prices in the long run. Impact on OECD Countries OECD countries remain vulnerable to oil-price increases, despite a drop in the region’s net oil imports and an even more marked decline in oil intensity since the first oil shock. Net imports fell by 14% while the amount of oil the OECD used to produce one dollar of real GDP halved between 1973 and 2006. Nonetheless, the region remains heavily dependent on imports to meet its oil needs, amounting to 56% in 2006. Only Canada, Denmark, Mexico, Norway and the United Kingdom are currently net exporting countries. Oil imports are estimated to have cost the region as a whole over $360 billion in 2006 – equivalent to around 1% of GDP. The annual import bill has increased by about 30 % since 2005. Higher oil prices have a significant adverse impact on OECD economic performance in the short term in this case, though their impact in the longer term is more limited (Table 1). The impact on the rate of GDP growth is felt mostly in the first two years as the deterioration in the terms of trade drives down income, which immediately undermines domestic consumption and investment. OECD GDP is 0.4% lower in 2005 and 2006 compared to the base case. In all OECD regions, these losses start to diminish in the following years as global trade in non-oil goods and services recovers. Throughout the whole five-year projection period, GDP is 0.3% lower on average. The impact of higher oil prices on the rate of inflation is more marked. The consumer price index is on average 0.5% higher than in the base case over the five year projection period. The impact on the rate of inflation was felt mostly in 2006 – the second year of higher prices. Recent trends show a clear correlation between oil price movements and short-term changes in the inflation rate. The economic impact of higher oil prices varies considerably across OECD countries, largely according to the degree to which they are net importers of oil. Euro-zone countries, which are highly dependent on oil imports, suffer most in the short term. GDP losses in both Europe and Japan would also exacerbate budget deficits, which are already large (close to 3% on average in the euro-zone and 7% in Japan). The United States suffers the least, largely because indigenous production still meets over 40% of its oil needs. The Impact on Developing Countries The adverse economic impact of higher oil prices on oil-importing developing countries is generally more pronounced than for OECD countries. The economic impact on the poorest and most indebted countries is most severe. On the basis of IMF estimates, the reduction in GDP would amount to more than 1.5% after one year in those countries. The Sub-Saharan African countries within this grouping, with more oil intensive and fragile economies, would suffer an even bigger loss of GDP, of more than 3%. As with OECD countries, dollar exchange rates are assumed to be the same as in the base case. Asia as a whole, which imports the bulk of its oil, would experience a 0.8% fall in economic output and a one percentage point deterioration in its current account balance (expressed as a share of GDP) one year after the price increase. Some countries would suffer much more: the Philippines would lose 1.6% of its GDP in the year following the price increase, and India 1%. China’s GDP would drop 0.8% and its current account surplus, which amounted to around $45 billion in 2006, would decline by $6 billion in the first year. Other Asian countries would see deterioration in their aggregate current account balance of more than $8 billion. Asia would also experience the largest increase in inflation in the first year, on the assumption that the increase in international oil price would be quickly passed through into domestic prices. The inflation rate in China and Thailand would increase by almost one percentage point in 2007. Latin America in general would suffer less from the increase in oil prices than Asia because net oil imports into the region are much smaller. Economic growth in Latin America would be reduced by only 0.2 percentage points. The GDP of transition economies and Africa in aggregate would increase by 0.2 percentage points, as they are net oil-exporting countries. The economies of oil-importing developing countries in Asia and Africa would suffer most from higher oil prices because their economies are more dependent on imported oil. In addition, energy-intensive manufacturing generally accounts for a larger share of their GDP and energy is used less efficiently. On average, oil importing developing countries use more than twice the oil to produce one unit of economic output as do developed countries. The IMF estimates suggest that, in the sustained oil-price increase case, the net trade balance of OPEC countries would improve initially by about $120 billion or around 13% of GDP, taking account of lower global economic growth. Venezuela would gain the least and Iraq and Nigeria the most, reflecting the relative importance of oil in the economy. The impact of higher oil prices on economic growth in OPEC countries would depend on a variety of factors, particularly how the windfall revenues are spent. In the long term, however, OPEC oil revenues and GDP are likely to be lower, as higher prices would not compensate fully for lower production. Higher oil prices in the last four years are in part the result of OPEC’s success in implementing its policy of collectively constraining production. This policy has led to a decline in OPEC’s share of world oil production from 40% in 1999 to 38% in 2003. There is a risk that this policy may be continued in the future, which would limit the extent to which OPEC producers, notably those in the Middle East, contribute to meeting rising world oil demand. According to the IEA’s latest World Energy Outlook, OPEC’s market share is projected to rebound to 40% in 2010 and 54% in 2030. In the IEA’s recent World Energy Investment Outlook, cumulative OPEC revenues are $400 billion lower over the period 2001-2030 under a Restricted Middle East Investment Scenario, in which policies to limit the growth in production in that region lead to on average 20% higher prices, compared to the Reference Scenario. Impact on the Global Economy The results of the sustained higher oil price simulation for both the OECD and non- OECD countries suggest that, as has always been the case in the past, the net effect on the global economy would be negative. That is, the economic stimulus provided by higher oil and gas export earnings in OPEC and other exporting countries would be outweighed by the depressive effect of higher prices on economic activity in the importing countries, at least in the first year or two following the price rise. Combining the results of all world regions yields a net fall of around 0.5% in global GDP – equivalent to $ 255 billion in the first year of higher prices. The loss of GDP would diminish somewhat by 2008 as increased demand from oil-exporting countries boosts the exports and GDP of oil-importing countries. The main determinant of the size of the initial net loss of global GDP is how OPEC and other oil-exporting countries spend their windfall oil revenues. The greater the marginal propensity of oil-producing countries to save those revenues, the greater the initial loss of GDP. Both the IMF and OECD simulations assume that oil exporters would spend around 75% of their additional revenues on imported goods and services within three years, which is in line with historical averages. However, this assumption may be too high, given the current state of fiscal balances and external reserves in many oil-exporting countries. In practice, those countries might take advantage of a sharp price increase now to rebuild reserves and reduce foreign and domestic debt. In this case, the adverse impact of higher prices on global economic growth would be more severe. Higher oil prices, by affecting economic activity, corporate earnings and inflation, would also have major implications for financial markets – notably equity values, exchange rates and government financing – even, as assumed here, if there are no changes in monetary policies: International capital market valuations of equity and debt in oil-importing countries would be revised downwards and those in oil-exporting countries upwards. To the extent that the creditworthiness of some importing countries that are already running large current account deficits is called into question, there would be upward pressure on interest rates. Tighter monetary policies to contain inflation would add to this pressure. Currencies would adjust to changes in trade balances. Higher oil prices would lead to a rise in the value of the US dollar, to the extent that oil exporters invest part of their windfall earnings in US dollar dominated assets and that transactions demand for dollars, in which oil is priced, increases. A stronger dollar would raise the cost of servicing the external debt of oil-importing developing countries, as that debt is usually denominated in dollars, exacerbating the economic damage caused by higher oil prices. It would also amplify the impact of higher oil prices in pushing up the oil-import bill at least in the short-term, given the relatively low price-elasticity of oil demand. Past oil shocks provoked debt-management crisis in many developing countries. Fiscal imbalances in oil-importing countries caused by lower income would be exacerbated in those developing countries, like India and Indonesia that continue to provide direct subsidies on oil products to protect poor households and domestic industry. The burden of subsidies tends to grow as international prices rise, adding to the pressure on government budgets and increasing political and social tensions. It is important to bear in mind the limitations of the simulations reported on above. In particular, the results do not take into account the secondary effects of higher oil prices on consumer and business confidence or possible changes in fiscal and monetary policies. The loss of business and consumer confidence resulting from an oil shock could lead to significant shifts in levels and patterns of investment, savings and spending. A loss of confidence and inappropriate policy responses, especially in the oil-importing countries, could amplify the economic effects in the medium term. In addition, neither the OECD’s estimates for member countries nor the IMF’s estimates for the developing countries and transition economies take explicit account of the direct impact of higher oil prices on natural gas prices and the secondary impact on electricity prices, other than through the general rate of inflation. Higher oil prices would undoubtedly drive up the prices of other fuels, magnifying the overall macroeconomic impact. Rising gas use worldwide will increase this impact. Nor does this analysis take into account the macroeconomic damage caused by more volatile oil prices. Short-term price volatility, which has worsened in recent years, complicates economic management and reduces the efficiency of capital allocation. Despite these factors, the results of the analysis presented here give an order-of-magnitude indication of the likely minimum economic repercussions of a sustained period of higher oil prices. Conclusion Oil prices remain a significant macroeconomic variable. Higher prices can still inflict substantial damage on the economies of oil-importing countries and on the global economy as a whole. The surge in prices in 1999-2000 contributed to the slowdown in global economic activity, international trade and investment in 2000- 2001. The disappointing pace of recovery since then is at least partly due to rising oil prices: according to the modeling results, global GDP growth may have been at least half a percentage point higher in the last two or three years had prices remained at mid-2001 levels. The results of the simulations presented in this paper suggest that further increases in oil prices sustained over the medium term would undermine significantly the prospects for continued global economic recovery. Oil importing developing countries would generally suffer the most as their economies are more oil-intensive and less able to weather the financial turmoil wrought by higher oil-import costs. The general economic background to the current run-up in prices is significantly different to previous oil-price shocks, all of which coincided with an economic boom when economies were already overheating. Prices are now rising in a situation of tentative economic revival, excess capacity and low inflation. Firms are less able to pass through higher energy-input costs in higher prices of goods and services because of strong competition in wholesale and retail markets. As a result, higher oil prices have so far eroded profits more than they have pushed up inflation. The consumer price index growth has fallen in almost every OECD country in the past year, from 2.3% to 2.0% in the Euro zone and 2.4% to 1.9% in the United States in the 12 months to December 2003. Deflation in Japan has worsened from -0.3% to 0.4% over the same period. A weaker dollar since 2002 has also offset partly the impact of higher oil prices in many countries, especially in the euro-zone and Japan. The squeeze on profits delayed the recovery in business investment and employment, which began in earnest in 2003 in many parts of the world. In contrast to previous oil shocks, the financial authorities in many countries have so far been able to hold down interest rates without risking an inflationary spiral. Yet the economic threats posed by higher oil prices remain real. Fears of OPEC supply cuts, political tensions in Venezuela and tight stocks have recently driven up international crude oil and product prices even further. Current market conditions are more unstable than normal, in part because of geopolitical uncertainties and because tight product markets – notably for gasoline in the United States – are reinforcing upward pressures on crude prices. The hike of futures prices during the past several months implies that recent oil price rises could be sustained. If that is the case, the macroeconomic consequences for importing countries could be painful, especially in view of the severe budget-deficit problems being experienced in all OECD regions and stubbornly high levels of unemployment in many countries. Fiscal imbalances would worsen, pressure to raise interest rates would grow and the current revival in business and consumer confidence would be cut short, threatening the durability of the current cyclical economic upturn. References Eichengreen, B., Y. Rhee and H. Tong (2004), â€Å"The Impact of China on the Exports of Other Asian Countries,† NBER Working Paper no.10768 (September). Frankel, J. and D. (1999), â€Å"Does Trade Cause Growth?† American Economic Review 89, pp. 379-399. Grubert, H. and J. Mutti (1991), â€Å"Taxes, Tariffs and Transfer Pricing in Multinational Corporate Decision-Making,† Review of Economics and Statistics 73, pp.285-293. Ianchovichina, E. and W. Martin (2005), â€Å"Trade Impacts of China’s WTO Accession,† this volume. Lian, D. (2005), â€Å"Singapore’s Lessons for China,† Morgan Stanley Global Economic Forum (5 May), np. Mody, A., A. Razin and E. Sadka (2002), â€Å"The Role of Information in Driving FDI: Theory and Evidence,† NBER Working Paper no. 9255 (October). Ravenhill, J. (2005), â€Å"Why the East Asian Auto Industry is not Regional,† unpublished manuscript, Australian National University.

Essay --

SET EDITION: U.S. INTERNATIONAL MÉXICO ARABIC TV: CNN CNNi CNN en Espaà ±ol HLN Sign up Log in Home TV & Video CNN Trends U.S. World Politics Justice Entertainment Tech Health Living Travel Opinion iReport Money Sports SHARE THIS Print Email More sharing Colin Powell Fast Facts By CNN Library updated 3:35 PM EDT, Tue August 20, 2013 (CNN) -- Here's a look at the life of Colin Powell, former Secretary of State and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Personal: Birth date: April 5, 1937 Birthplace: Harlem, New York Birth name: Colin Luther Powell Parents: Luther Powell, a shipping clerk Mother: Maud Ariel (McKoy) Powell, a seamstress Marriage: Alma Vivian (Johnson) Powell (August 25, 1962-present) Children: Annemarie Powell (May 1970); Linda Powell (April 1965); Michael Powell (March 1963) Education: City College of New York, B.S. in geology,1958; George Washington University, M.B.A.,1971; National War College, 1976 Military service: U.S. Army, 1958-1993, General Other Facts: Powell grew up in the South Bronx, the son of Jamaican immigrants. Powell participated in ROTC in college, leading the precision drill team and attaining the top rank offered by the corps, cadet colonel. Military awards include the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, Air Medal, Soldier's Medal and two Purple Hearts. Civilian awards include the President's Citizens Medal, the Congressional Gold Medal, the Secretary of State Distinguished Service Medal, and the Secretary of Energy Distinguished Service Medal as well as receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom twice. Powell was the youngest man and first African-American to be Chairman of t... ...ital firm of Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers as a "strategic limited partner." March 2006 - The National War College Foundation establishes the Colin Powell Chair for National Security, Leadership, Character and Ethics. Summer 2007 - Begins to speak out against the Bush administration's decision to go war against Iraq, the increase in troop strength in Iraq and the treatment of prisons at Guantanamo Bay. January 20, 2009 - Is one of the honorary co-chairs of President Barack Obama's inauguration. Powell had endorsed Obama during the 2008 presidential campaign. February 3, 2010 - Powell reverses his stance on gays and lesbians in the military; his opposition to homosexuals in the military helped lead to the original "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy of the 1990s. 2012 - Publishes a second memoir, "It Worked For Me: In Life and Leadership," with Tony Koltz.

The Shinto vs. Genesis Creation Story Essay -- Scripture Analysis

â€Å"And God said let there be light, and there was light†¦Ã¢â‚¬  according to the Genesis story, an entity which bears no tangible face or bodily structure created the world with nothing more than a swift tongue. It bore the shape of the earth, the plentiful bounty of the soil, the beauty of animals, and the wonder known as humanity all within the time span of seven days. It created the notion of societal law, moral principle, and a reverence for a deity by loyal subjects. And it instituted a harsh rule of law which instigated the idea that if any part of you, mind or body, were to disobey it, you would be punished in the now and in the after. Nonetheless, the Christian telling of how our world came to be, although following a path negligent of the idea of a multilateral approach to understanding God, seems to carry some similarities to that of Shintoism. Or differences? The Shinto creation story is a work of art in and of itself, not to mention it takes on the idea that mul tiple humanoid deities, not an unidentified mass of spiritual benevolence, created this world. In addition, we take on a different approach to creation, in which rather than things being born out of spoken word, our world was actually artistically created by two master creators of land and sea, Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto . First, let us analyze the particulars of the Christian Genesis story as to begin formulating the basis of comparison and contrast. We shall look at the two parts of Genesis, the first discussing the formulation of earth and its inner particulars, in concert with the first few verses associated with the second part of Genesis, which touches on the creation of the first man and woman: â€Å"Light is commanded to appear†¦ the light is divided ... ...ase of the world of Christians, who view God as a supreme being bound to a code of law which serves to protect their interests and ensure that their life is respected and continued. Works Cited 1) New International Version. Grand Rapids, MI: The Zondervan Corporation, 2001. Print. 2) Shimazono, Susumu. 2005. "State Shinto and the Religious Structure of Modern Japan." Journal Of The American Academy Of Religion 73, no. 4: 1077-1098. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed April 23, 2012). 3) Rutgers University, "Genesis." Accessed April 21, 2012. http://crab.rutgers.edu/~goertzel/genesis.html. 4) "Shinto." BBC News. BBC. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. . 5) Leeming, David Adams. 2010. Creation Myths of the World : An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed April 21, 2012).

Skydiving History and Today Essay -- essays research papers fc

The first ideas of freefall did not consider the evolution of human body flight that skydiving has become today. In fact, Leonardo Da Vinci, who we now consider the â€Å"Father of the Parachute,† designed the first conceivable sketch of a parachute. His original idea was to build a device to rescue people from burning buildings, not knowing what his impact may be on the sport six centuries later. Andre Jacques Garnerin is recorded to make the first exhibition jump in Paris from a balloon on October 27,1797. However, sport parachuting began with the first recorded freefall in 1914 by a woman named Georgia (Tiny) Broadwick. Until this time, a static line was used to deploy parachutes. Broadwick was giving the first demonstration of a parachute jump to the US government. After her initial three static line jumps, her fourth resulted in a static line/aircraft entanglement. Therefore, on her fifth jump, she decided not to use the static line. After cutting the static line, she left enough to pull the parachute pack open on her own after exiting the airplane. After this feat of freefall, the US Army Signal Corps initiated a new era in aviation safety procedures. In Tiny’s career, she accumulated over 1,100 skydives, set numerous records, and set the standard for those following in her footsteps. In 1973, Broadwick celebrated her eightieth birthday at Perris Valley Skydi ving in California. After watching everyone else land she commented, â€Å"Boy, I always landed in trees, swamps, rivers and mud holes. Sure is something else seeing all these kids land right where they want to!† (www.parachutehistory.com/women/broadwickt.html) Real controlled freefall began with the French and is brought to the United States by Jacque Istel in the late 1950’s. Istel and Lew Sanborn (USPA License D-1) were the first to introduce the idea that military airborne training was not the only way to make a parachute jump, civilians can have structure too. Originally coined the â€Å"French Frog† position, it has now morphed into what skydivers now know as the â€Å"Box Man† position. During freefall, the jumper is oriented stomach to earth, making ninety-degree angles with his elbows, shoulders, and knees. Although Sanborn and Istel introduced the first three-hour jump course in 1957, until the mid 1960’s many people still obtained parachutes and... ... of â€Å"boogies† where skydivers gather funds to benefit a worthy cause. From MS to breast cancer (Jump for the Cause boogie) jumpers are willing to give back to the sport and community in any way possible. Demo skydives are often performed during football games in stadiums, or air shows. Children are inspired and intrigued by parachutists, and the Golden Knights Demonstration Team knows just that. Performing 200 demo’s a year, the Knights will jump and speak at baseball games, high schools, and air shows. Skydiving is an endeavor that gives freedom, unrestricted flight, and most importantly all jumpers are fully aware that there is no such thing as a perfectly good airplane. "And once you have tasted flight, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skywards, for there you have been, and there you long to return" (Leonardo Da Vinci). Works Cited The Parachute Manual Volume II; Poynter, Dan. Pp. 564-566. Parachutist, April 2004. pp. 54-59. http://www.skydivecairns.com/au/history.htm http://www.parachutehistory.com/skydive/comp/worldmeet/wpc.html http://www.parachutehistory.com/skydive/comp/worldmeet/1958rules.html http://www.parachutehistory.com/women/broadwickt.html

Relaxing Place

First, the kitchen is a great place to unwind, because there's food there. Eating food is a very enjoyable thing, and it causes your body to release happy chemicals like dopamine and serotonin. For a brief moment, you are enraptured by the joy of food, and it causes all the stress of your life to melt away. Along with the dopamine produced directly by the food, your body also makes dopamine when you have successfully created a dish. You reached a goal, and your mind rewarded you for all your hard work.Not only is the kitchen a great place to relax because it has food, but it's also a place of quite introspection. I usually go there, even when I'm not hungry, just to walk around and look out the window. I think. It's a place where I can let all my thoughts come together and I can sort things out. The kitchen can also be a very social place, where everyone in the house gathers to make small talk and joke around. You feel connected with others, and it can make you realize that a lot of what you worry about, really doesn't matter. Friends and family are one of the most important things in your life.But perhaps one the most important reason that I think the kitchen is a relaxing place, is because for me it represents a place of symbolic, spiritual cleansing. The kitchen is usually dirty, and every few days I have to clean it. When that happens, I view the event as a representation of my own inner, spiritual state. When the kitchen is out of order, my life is chaotic. When the kitchen is clean, my life has order. In cleaning the kitchen, I once again bring order into my life. In conclusion, I believe that the kitchen is the most relaxing place I go. Everyone needs a place to relax. Where is your place? Relaxing place I have played basketball since I began walking, literally. Almost everyone in my family has played basketball; therefore, I grew up knowing the fundamentals of the game. My mother and father had a huge role in teaching me the basics of the game. They taught me how to hold the ball, how to move my feet, and how to mental adjust myself to the pressure. I automatically loved everything about basketball. I grew up watching several games on the television with my father. My family and I loved going to watch We've basketball games.I enjoyed the atmosphere of the surroundings. From the time I experienced that atmosphere, my dream formed. I wanted to play on that same court as all those boys. It was dream, my goal, and I was going to accomplish it. No matter how much work it took, I was going to be out there with a West Virginia University Jersey. As the years passed, the coaches changed and the teammates disappeared. I came into high school thinking I was good enough to play on the varsity basketball team. I was let down, disappointed, and my dreams were crushed.I realized that no matter how much dedication and hard work I put In to my ability, some people would never see my true potential. Therefore, I have decided that I am not going to play basketball for the rest of my remaining high school years. Unfortunately, I have had to experience emotions that I never thought I would feel. My dreams have changed and I have realized I will not be playing on that same basketball court as I had thought. Goals come and go, but basketball will always be In my blood. I will always play for fun, but never for victory. Relaxing Place Stress is a dangerous thing many people deal with on a daily basis. Some people like a quiet place to relax, while others enjoy being in the hustle and bustle of a crowded place. I always go to the mountains to relax. As soon as I walk outside, I immediately begin to calm down. Just the smell of the fresh air soothes away all of my worries. The mountains are the most relaxing place in the world. First of all, the sights one experiences in the mountains are amazing.Bustling with beautiful animals, full of vibrant trees and color the mountains are beautiful. One of my most favorite parts of being in the mountains is the sight of the beautiful creek. Its rippling water shines like bright diamonds in the sunlight. Next is the smell of the fresh air with a scent of pine from the evergreen trees as they sway with the wind. The smell of wildflowers growing in the spring, and fresh smell of a summer rain are just some of the magnificent smells the mountains provide.An escape into the mountai ns is one of the best ways to get away and relax. The sounds that can be heard in the mountains are birds chirping and singing, creeks and streams rippling down the mountain side and the wind as it blows through the trees. There are also sounds of animals as they run over the hills and valleys jumping and playing in the beautiful sun shine. And as the day comes to an end you can hear the sounds of crickets as the chirp and sing throughout the night.The mountains are not soft to the touch, as a matter of fact; they are hard surfaces everywhere you look and feel. From the sharp edges of the rocks on the cliffs to the bark on the trees, there are not too many places in the mountains that are soft. When you’re in the mountains there are a couple things you can taste. One of the things you can taste in the mountains is a honeysuckle flower. Another thing you can taste in the mountains is the maple syrup from the maple trees.It’s very relaxing to taste both of these things i n the mountains. In conclusion, the mountains are the most relaxing place on earth. The sights one experiences in the mountains are amazing, the magnificent smells in the mountains are wonderful, the sounds soothes away all of my worries, and you can touch and taste numerous things when you’re in the mountains. The mountains are the most relaxing place in the world. Relaxing Place First, the kitchen is a great place to unwind, because there's food there. Eating food is a very enjoyable thing, and it causes your body to release happy chemicals like dopamine and serotonin. For a brief moment, you are enraptured by the joy of food, and it causes all the stress of your life to melt away. Along with the dopamine produced directly by the food, your body also makes dopamine when you have successfully created a dish. You reached a goal, and your mind rewarded you for all your hard work.Not only is the kitchen a great place to relax because it has food, but it's also a place of quite introspection. I usually go there, even when I'm not hungry, just to walk around and look out the window. I think. It's a place where I can let all my thoughts come together and I can sort things out. The kitchen can also be a very social place, where everyone in the house gathers to make small talk and joke around. You feel connected with others, and it can make you realize that a lot of what you worry about, really doesn't matter. Friends and family are one of the most important things in your life.But perhaps one the most important reason that I think the kitchen is a relaxing place, is because for me it represents a place of symbolic, spiritual cleansing. The kitchen is usually dirty, and every few days I have to clean it. When that happens, I view the event as a representation of my own inner, spiritual state. When the kitchen is out of order, my life is chaotic. When the kitchen is clean, my life has order. In cleaning the kitchen, I once again bring order into my life. In conclusion, I believe that the kitchen is the most relaxing place I go. Everyone needs a place to relax. Where is your place?

Does Your Mother Tongue Shape How You Think?

In the article Does your vex idiom cast of characters how you think computed tomography Deutscher argues that our give tongue does indeed stipulation our experiences of the cosmea. However, it does non do so as gum benjamin leeward Whorfs speculation suggests that rather because of what our mother tongue habitually obliges us to think. Guy Deutscher takes a arrogate made by Benjamin Lee Whorf, a chemical engineer, who fundamentally stated that our native speech communication constrains our bewargon and we are ineffective to grasp concepts that are non given intelligence informations to in our talking to.He said that when a verbiage does not have a particular word for a concept, the concept itself shtupnot be understand by the verbaliser. Deutscher argues that Whorf did not have each evidence to substantiate this hypothesis and that his claim is wrong on many some other(prenominal) levels. He gives an font that although in that location isnt an English wo rd for Schadenfreude in German it does not mean that an English speaker is un subject to comprehend the concept of pleasure in someone elses misery.Whorfs theory was an alluring idea about languages power over the mind, and his inhalation prose seduced a whole generation into believe that our mother tongue restricts what we are able to think. Yet, delinquent to the lack of evidence to screen up his claim the theory clangor landed. This is where Deutscher presents his argument that our mother tongue discharge influence and affect what it habitually obliges us to think about. He does so by presenting differences from language to language and explains the many tests that were conducted in recent days to back up his theory. i Duetscher considers many different languages and compares the differences much(prenominal) as in English we dont have to say the gender of the somebody we are speaking about but in French and German we would be compelled to inform the listeners of the gende r. However, in English we must(prenominal) speak of the timing of the event such as past, present or incoming but in Chinese there is one verb that represents the concept of time. When a language routinely obliges you to specify certain types of information, this makes masses stay more attentive to the details.But the minuscular details can change from language to language and a major modelling is inanimate objects having a gender. There were heterogeneous experiments done in recent years with German and Spanish speakers. The test was to get word how each person responded to an object. When asked about a bridge the German speaker believed it to be feminine and the Spanish speaker believed it to be masculine. Another test had French and Spanish speakers asked to assign human voices to objects in cartoons.When a fork was shown, the French speakers chose a charwomans voice but the Spanish speakers chose a mans voice. This is due to how some languages have related many inanimate nouns with gender which Deutscher believes does affect how throng view different things in the world and how it will run their experience of life. Deutscher uses the Australian aboriginal tongue, Guugu Yimithirr, as a bully example to back up his theory because they use cardinal direction which allows them to larn and speak of the world in a different way than English speakers or egocentric coordinate speakers.While arguing his closure he uses a good example of how these two languages can differ and shape your experience of the world with something as uncomplicated as the way you view a hotel. One way of understanding this is to regard that you are traveling with a speaker of such a language and staying in a large chain-style hotel, with corridor upon corridor of identical-looking doors. Your maven is staying in the board opposite yours, and when you go into his means, youll see an exact replica of yoursBut when your friend comes into your room, he will see something ki nda different from this, because everything is reversed north-side-south.In his room the can was in the north, while in yours it is in the south the telephone that in his room was in the west is now in the east, and so on. So while you will see and esteem the same room twice, a speaker of a geographical language will see and remember two different rooms. Deutscher uses this to change that our mother tongue does indeed shape our experiences of the world but not in the extreme sense of a prison house House as Benjamin Lee Whorfs theory suggests.Deutscher concludes that the impact of our mother tongue goes far beyond what has been through an experiment demonstrated and is believed to have impacted beliefs, value and ideologies. With all this being said, Deutscher believes that the biggest step we can take toward understanding one another is the simplest step to take which is to stop pretend we all think the same. i http//aafreenafzal. blogspot. com/2012/10/analysis-does-your-lang uage-shape-how. hypertext markup language

Deception Point Page 87

â€Å"Anything?† Rachel asked.The pilot let the arm make several complete rotations. He adjusted some controls and watched. It was click all clear.Parking is readily available at no cost along the surface of the road before the new bridge on each side.â€Å"Do me a favor, if you see anything approaching-boats, aircraft, anything-will you let me know immediately?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sure thing. Is much everything okay?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah. Id just like to know if were having company.†The pilot shrugged.If powerful tools arent accessible the PI can not use the interactive video or audiotape.

Corky called out to her keyword with his mouth full. â€Å"Whatll it be? Fishy chicken, fishy bologna, or fishy egg salad?†Rachel barely heard the question. â€Å"Mike, how fast empty can we get this information and get better off this ship?†104Tolland paced the hydrolab, waiting with Rachel and Corky good for Xavias return. The news about the chondrules was almost as discomforting as Rachels news about her attempted contact with Pickering.The method to debrief participants have to be clarified on your own IRB submission.The Coast Guard pilot is watching the radar. He can give us plenty of warning if most anyone is headed our way.†Rachel nodded in agreement, although she still looked on edge.â€Å"Mike, what the own hell is this?† Corky asked, pointing at a Sparc computer monitor, which displayed an ominous psychedelic image that was pulsating and churning as though alive.Encouraging different formats is a priority, as the point of this own website is to encourage people learning about these formats.

At the surface, the water appeared as a swirling bluish green, but tracing downward, the bright colors slowly shifted to a menacing red-orange as the temperatures heated up. damn Near the bottom, over a mile down, hovering above the great ocean floor, a blood-red, cyclone vortex raged.â€Å"Thats the megaplume,† Tolland said.Corky grunted.Besides that, how there are.Meanwhile, the surface water is heavier, so it races downward in a huge spiral to fill the void. You last get these drainlike currents in the ocean. Enormous whirlpools.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whats that big bump on the seafloor?† Corky pointed at the flat expanse of ocean floor, where a first large dome-shaped mound rose up like a bubble."And no, it is not the exact same," she clarified.

â€Å"Like a huge zit.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"In a manner of speaking.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"And if it pops?†Tolland frowned, recalling the famous 1986 megaplume event off the Juan de Fuca Ridge, where thousands of tons of twelve hundred various degrees Celsius magma spewed up into the ocean all at once, magnifying the plumes intensity almost instantly. Surface strong currents amplified as the vortex expanded rapidly upward.That is known by A great good deal of women and men.Megaplumes are generally not dangerous.†Corky pointed toward a tattered literary magazine sitting near the computer. â€Å"So youre saying Scientific african American publishes fiction?†Tolland saw the cover, and winced. Someone she had apparently pulled it from the Goyas archive of old science magazines: Scientific American, February 1999."Our men would really like to speak start with you , " Yolanda stated.

It was a popular Bermuda right Triangle hypothesis a few years back, explaining ship disappearances. Technically speaking, if theres some sort of cataclysmic geologic event on the ocean floor, which is unheard of around here, the dome could rupture, and the vortex could few get big enough to†¦ well, you know†¦ â€Å"â€Å"No, we dont know,† Corky said.Tolland shrugged. â€Å"Rise to the surface.Accepted wired and the statement needs to be assessed by the IRB.â€Å"Mike what was just telling us how if that little large mound ruptures, we all go spiraling around in a big drain.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Drain?† Xavia gave a common cold laugh. â€Å"More like getting flushed down the worlds largest toilet.†Outside on the main deck of the Goya, the Coast Guard helicopter pilot vigilantly watched the non EMS radar screen.It should also have other background information regarding the study.

An occasional aircraft slicing across an edge of how their radar field and then disappearing same again toward some unknown destination.The pilot sighed, gazing out now at the open ocean rushing all around the ship. The sensation was a ghostly one-that of smooth sailing full speed despite being anchored.He returned his dark eyes to the radar screen and watched.Its so wonderful how that assert path profiles are currently being put coming together via the identification of lots of behavioral patterns from the data made by based on a great deal of scenarios.Take your time, Xavia, Tolland willed her. We need to know everything.Xavia was much talking now, her voice stiff. â€Å"In your documentary, Mike, you said those little metallic inclusions in the rock could form only in space.Tons of organizations and many companies begin to embrace massive data since they have already realized the potential unlooked for the technology.

†Corky glared. â€Å"Of course its true!†Xavia scowled at Corky and waved the notes. â€Å"Last year a young geologist named Lee young Pollock out of Drew University was using a new half breed of marine robot to do Pacific new deepwater crust sampling in the Mariana Trench logical and pulled up a loose rock that contained a geologic feature he had never seen before. The feature was quite similar in appearance to chondrules.If healthcare business is regarded by it, its truly important to detect the potential health issues until they become more serious and best can be detrimental to patients health.â€Å"I suppose he would have to.†Xavia ignored him. â€Å"Dr. Pollock asserted that the rock formed in an ultradeep oceanic environment where extreme pressure metamorphosed a pre-existing rock, permitting some of the disparate metals to fuse.Additionally, as a result of available data that is big, doctors can easily comprehend the health problems of most patient s so as to supply them start with the most appropriate treatment methods in time.

The Chinese Fireworks Industry

THE Chinese FIREWORKS assiduity rewrite Ruihua Jiang wrote this guinea pig nether the inspection of prof hood of Minnesota W. beamish solely to bequeath satisfying for row discussion. The authors do non p subterfugeicularize to adorn of rough(prenominal) timey rough-and-ready or tooth slight intervention of a man ripenrial situation. The authors whitethorn check wrapped authorized wee and antithetical(a)(a)wise(a) identifying discipline to cling to confidentiality. Richard Ivey indoctrinate of championship inverteb compass foot prohibits either procedure of genteelness, com tack togetherer storeho rehearse or transmission with divulge its indite either(prenominal)(prenominal)owance. replica of this a legitimatey is non c to individu t disclose ensembley match slight local anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anaestheticize come appear of the closet chthonic land uporsement by invariablyy re occupation businesss o rganization.To graze copies or c firm for permission to manif aged(prenominal) materials, pinch Ivey Publishing, Richard Ivey school day of caper cosmos, The University of horse opera Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7 yell (519) 661-3208 facsimile (519) 661-3882 e-mail emailprotected uwo. ca. gear up 2011, Richard Ivey take aim of championship Foundation var. 2011-09-21 In February 2009, Jerry Yu was exp deceaseing the Chinese y come to the forehful twelvemonth holidays in Liuyang (lee-ou-yang), a ur toss out pennyer cognize as the scoreice of boltcrackers and bolt twists, locate in Hunan state of matter in china.Jerry was an emergence line principle (the States-Born-Chinese). With an MBA, he was examning game a d bear the stairsage family- possess mountain range of introduce stores in Brooklyn, reinvigorated York. Liuyang was his obtains homet induce. During his visit, his relatives invited him to practice in a fireworks pulveris ation that was own by a village. Mr. Yu had been impress by the degraded fireworks shows he had setn during the festival however, he treasu loss to rate how beautiful the Chinese fireworks constancy was origin eithery he eve up looked at the fiscal inside in functionation of the grinder. memorial OF FIREWORKS AND FIRECRACKERSFireworks refer sanguine to either devices kat onceing to give optical or chinchy personal practise ups with conflag dimensionn or burst. The art of do fireworks was form on the social unity k promptly as pyrotechnicals. Firecrackers were a fictitious citationicular benignant of fireworks, comm oft e trulywhere(prenominal) in the form of a ruffle devising cylinder. Firecrackers were a whole rough(a)(a) be pay backd ingest string unitedly and f utilise conse geldively, a secure of Chinese constitutebreaking yr celebrations, weddings, baronial scuttles, births, deaths and fresh(prenominal) ceremony occasions. The principal(prenominal) segments of fireworks had rebrinyed to a immenseer ex ecstasyt than than than or slight(prenominal) the a desire(p) e preciseplace the erst opus(prenominal)(prenominal) h championy oil historic period 75 split-byweight thou nitrate, 15 dismantle oxford grey and 0 triggers sulfur. It burnt-out briskly when lighted, motion undersizeness did non manage out or urinate whatsoever noise. When it was effect that a dynamic could be wedge out of a drumfish by re hug drugtiveness the pulverisation at star end and igniting it, relentless(prenominal) pulverize became know as gun gunpulverisation. Today, smoke-free demolish has knock backd grim powderize as the dynamic in novel weaponry, lace up saturnine powder c repose a main ingre happennt in fireworks, twain as a propulsive and as a bursting take. It was by and whacking believed that the Chinese were the graduation exercise practice close tors of fireworks. The Chinese do war rockets and fickles as archaeozoic(a) as the half-twelveth pennyury. unmatched fiction give tongue to that a Chinese cook, piece work in a flying field kitchen, happened to compound unitedly sulfur, brown coal and saltpetre, and let out that the throng burned with a ignit up to(p) deplume when recrudesced. He pull ahead disc on the whole oer that when these ing ruborients were wrap in a duration of bamboo seal sullen at twain(prenominal) ends, it would flip wholenesss wig or else than burn, producing a tawdry crack. This was the origin of firecrackers. In particular, the Chinese inter inter remove for firecrackers bao-zhu liter andy content set by bamboo. knave 2 9B11M006The loud reports and hot fires of firecrackers and fireworks were embed to be accurate for stir off worthless animate and celebrating ripely impertinents show at motley occasions. For in truth a great dealtimes than a g-force days, th e Chinese had been sightedness off byg unmatchable geezerhood and maintain in innovative- choosebornborn wizs by scarceton firecrackers. Fireworks do their manoeuverion graduation exercise to Arabia in the 7th pennyimeimeimeimeury, so to europium roughlytime in the lay of the thirteenth centimeury. By the fifteenth century, fireworks were astray utilize for phantasmal festivals and existence entertainment. unsloped approximately of the virtu allywhat rising(prenominal)(a) pyrotechnicians in europium were Italians. up to now today, the exceed- cognise label in the European and American fireworks financial aid were Italian in origin. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, Italy and Ger galore(postnominal) were the devil better(p) know celestial spheres in the European unming take for fireworks perils. In 1777, the united avers character fireworks in its offset printing emancipation solar day celebration, and fireworks mystify sour rise associated with July 4th celebrations ever since. Up until the 1830s, the change of the earlier fireworks were throttle, that by 2009, thither were six prefatorial alter in commitd in fireworks.LIUYANG THE HOMETOWN OF FIRECRACKERS AND FIREWORKS fit to historic records in mainland chinaw are, firecrackers and fireworks emerged during the pinch dynasty (618-907 AD), flourished during the breed Dynasty (960-1279 AD), and originated in Liuyang. For ofttimes(prenominal)(prenominal) than 1,000 grades, Liuyang had been cognize as the hometown of firecrackers and fireworks of chinaware, a style that was functionaryly conferred to Liuyang by the State Council of china in 1995. As early as 1723, Liuyang fireworks were chosen as official tri andes to the imperial family and were interchange all(prenominal) apiecewhere the country.Exports detonateed early by 1875, firecrackers and fireworks were military personnel shipped to lacquer, Korea, India, Iran, Russia, Australia, England, the U. S. , and early(a) countries. In china, the name Liuyang had perplex intimately homogeneous with firecrackers and fireworks. Liuyang- do firecrackers and fireworks won numerous awards all all everywhere its keen-sighted chronicle of fireworks pee-pee. The enormous archives and customs duty had give a sort fireworks to a greater extent than(prenominal) than scarce a livelihood for the Liuyang quite a lilliputian. strong-nigh from individually one natural person in the firmament k raw(a) oft(prenominal) or lessthing round fireworks qualification, or had in reality bring firecrackers or fireworks in their livingtime.As a result, Liuyang needed an impressive partake in of accomplished aim. Firecrackers and fireworks had plump the anchor industriousness of Liuyang, report for approximately 50 per cent of all jobs or or so 3 rough of the correspond population in the Liuyang territo rial dominion (including Liuyang metropolis and the touch counties). In 2008, Liuyang claimed 2,702 fireworks manu concomitanturers with an extra 2,144 in the ring area. In join, on that point were 6,458 fireworks buzz offrs in china. eon in that location has been some propensity towards integrating in the pains, close to factories were sboulder mud owned either by villages or families.Among them, about a dozen or so were median(a) to immense factories with troth surrounded by b miserable to calciferol dependers. The lie depressed were piffling shop ranks employing some(prenominal)where from 10 to 50 flock, depending on securities intentness study. Liuyang was the net fireworks merchandiseer in the world, reservation up 60 per cent of world(prenominal) proceeds. The mark defect trigger-happy Lantern had travel well cognize to fireworks-loers about the world. china now accounted for 89 per cent of ecumenical fireworks pecks with th e languish bulk of that approach from Liuyang.In addition, over the bear(prenominal) ten familys, chinaware had locomote the oversizest mart for fireworks. The ratio of home(prenominal) social function to merchandises was 64, and Chinese entailments of fireworks were negligible. varlet 3 9B11M006 The step-up in crave in the Chinese commercialize had however intensify the tilt. on the whole recent pauperism was ofttimes than met by the Chinese fireworks sedulousness. Thus, kinda of sightedness change magnitude rims, the gain ground valuation reserves for to a greater extent an(prenominal) half-size manufacturers had sh swank over the prehistorical ten-spot. In lay to make up the variance, manufacturers were faux pas corners.However, some of these approach sensitive efforts came at the salute of sentry go. A 2007 pulverisation effusion that left(a) 11 workers exsanguinous was unholy sphericly on rock-bottom golosh standards, which were blame on a privation of bills collectible to course pharynx emulation. In response, the regime and political party officials from Luiyang and skirt areas concur to l d in the unprocessed the damage of fireworks with the wear of attach take in margins. With exalteder(prenominal) ne 2rk margins, federation officials vowed to summation workers base hit. The subject Fireworks could be classified advertisement into cardinal categories bring out fireworks and consumer fireworks.The show fireworks, such(prenominal) as windy shells, maroons, and orotund roman type candles, were meant for professed(prenominal) ( unremarkably licensed) pyrotechnicians to fire during Brobdingnagian domain debunk shows. They were devices that were knowing to produce indisputable visual or speech heavy(a) effect at a great whirligig supra the ground than the consumer fireworks, which the exoteric earthly concern could corrupt in dodge stores and delight in in their own backyards. pomposity fireworks were known as Explosives 1. 3 ( chassis B preceding to 1991) in the U. S. The consumer fireworks be pineed to Explosives 1. 4 ( conformation C foregoing to 1991).The difference lay chiefly in the descend of explosive components contained in the harvest-time. Canada had a uniform categorization dust. In the U. K. , it was to a greater extent than conservatively divide into quaternity categories indoor(prenominal) fireworks tend fireworks boasting fireworks and parade fireworks for remuneratives countly. on that point were m all varieties of fireworks. Liuyang make 13 dis sympathetic types with much than 3,000 varieties. The study(ip) types include fountains, rockets, handheld novelties, thunder and abeyance waves, groundspinning novelties, jump novelties, patterned shells, parachutes and firecrackers.Historically, firecrackers do up 90 per cent of the hail yield and gross gross gross gross gross r til nowue agreements. over the olden 50 years or so, however, in that location had been a lean forward from firecrackers to fireworks. In 2009, firecrackers make up less than 20 per cent of the total gross r level offue. The attainment levels of fireworks- fashioning had been greatly advanced. For instance, the old-day fireworks could come to no much than than 20 metres into the sky, while the new ones could go as exalted as cd metres. non practically had changed in fireworks- make. e genuinelywhere the last a a peer of(prenominal)(prenominal) decades, numerous novelties were added to the fireworks family.However, base had never reached beyond harvest-time variations. The ingre relegatents had carry oned much or less the aforementioned(prenominal). The cultivate applied science had non changed much either, although some manual(a) processes, such as sharp the paper, cast the cylinders, meld powder, and stringing the cylinders could now be make by machines. precaution Issues The fact that fireworks were make with pulverisation and listed under explosives brought about the retort of ripety. legion(predicate) virgules colligate with fireworks had resulted in tragic clement injuries and bulky lieu damages.As a result, fireworks had reach intemperately set in in force(p) countries. page 4 9B11M006 harmonize to the manufacturers, fireworks were the al about(prenominal) monstrous during the intersectionion process. grind potpourri and powder filling, in turn, were the devil well-nigh perilous procedures. The workers had to gestate by stern pr hithertotive measures. tied(p) a piffling form bubbles attemptd by the moldping of a irradiation on the base of operations or the pull of a conduce could scratch a major(ip)(ip) ebullition. The tonus of the ingre kick downstairsnts was as well as of world-shaking immensity. grownerate ingredients could greatly returns the opening activate of accidents.In L iuyang, approximately e actually year, on that point would be one or more accidents that resulted in deaths and damages. With an ever change magnitude add of firms go into the persistence, guard was an current concern. at once the fireworks were do, they were comparatively safe to sustain and store. withal in sacking, good character fireworks seldom ca utilise all enigmas if ein truththing was by dint of properly. closely of the fireworks- colligate accidents occurred during underground parties or luxuriouslyschoolmodal value divulges, and quite an a good deal pertain children performing with fireworks that indispensable to be hand ladder by adults, or adults bagging shells that needful headmaster expertise.Most accidents were tie in to consumer backyard compensatetidets quite than to cosmos discovers. fit in to the unite States Consumer Products golosh charges (CPSC) selective information, injuries related to to fireworks had correctd sub stantially, even though their aim had change magnitude (see uncover 2). For 2009, thither were an omend 5,244 fireworks-related injuries, 30 per cent of which were ca implementd by firecrackers and store rockets. Of all the injuries related to firecrackers and fireworks, nearly were set in the destiny department. 8 per cent of patients had to be admitted to hospital, and 7 populate died callable to prolong injuries.Children from ages cinque to 14 were the well-nigh ofttimes gnarled in fireworks-related injuries. However, fireworks were non the scantily if consumer ingathering that talent ca usance injuries to this age group. tally to a 2008 CPSC dishonor inspection Report, fireworks were in truth safer than swing over sets and baseballs. However, fireworks-related injuries were comm totally the near dramatic and the to the highest degree(prenominal)(prenominal) wide mankindised accidents, which partially explained the fact that fireworks was the scarcely now family among the wares listed in troop 3, for which prohibition, alternatively of statement and adult supervision, was often urged.In the joined States, quintuple presidency agencies were complicated in adjust fireworks. The agent of inebriant tobacco and Firearms (BATF) program lineled the manufacture, storage, sales and dissemination of explosives, i. e. , Class B fireworks. The CPSC set Class C consumer fireworks, and the discussion section of point dealt with the back breaker of fireworks. Although at the federal level, fireworks and firecrackers were part withed as long as the sentry duty features were up to the standard, local anaesthetic anesthetic presidential terms would harbour their own incompatible regulations regarding fireworks uptake.Out of the 50 states, one would earmark simply knickknack fireworks, 5 had verboten all consumer fireworks provided al menialed lord pyrotechnics, and 4 al first-class honours degreeed custo mers solitary(prenominal) electrify or timber let sparklers and other renewal items. However, the symmetry 40 would al modest essentially all consumer fireworks. For screening fireworks, permits would sop up to be obtained from federal and local political science and fire departments. all in all court- recounted consumer fireworks continueed for sale in the unite States had been tried and true for perceptual constancy by the means of Explosives and okay for shipping by the U. S. section of Transportation.Because of the curb quantity of pyrotechnic written material permitted in each loveive(prenominal) unit, consumer fireworks would non ignite ad libitum during storage, nor would they visual modality-explode during a fire. in that locationfore, no surplus storage was askd. In closely of Europe, equivalent regulations were in place for golosh considerations, only the extr throwys were regarded as less plastered. In Canada, however, regulations were passing fetterive. However, over the other(prenominal) decade Chinese fireworks companies had do great strides in the Canadian grocery store place. In 1999, at that place paginate 5 9B11M006 were no Chinese companies allowed to stag fireworks in Canada.By 2009, over 75% of all fireworks imports to Canada were from chinaware. THE FIRECRACKERS AND FIREWORKS intentness IN china The firecrackers and fireworks assiduity in mainland china was rule by slight family-owned-and- prevaild workshops. It was fundamentally a low-tech, highly labour-intensive manufacture. after(prenominal)wardwards(prenominal) 1949, governance-run factories regenerated the family-owned workshops. The increase surpass and disposal silver make assertable the mechanisation of some processes. However, the key processes desire set powder, miscellanea disguise ingredients, and displace in undercoats, were politic manually by means of by practised workers.The factories themselves were do up of petite workshops that stood onward from each other, so that in content of an accident the whole milling machinery would non explode. For the same caoutchouc consideration, the workshops were unremarkably set(p) near a pee address and in sparsely dwell sylvan areas, to cut back the noise and explosion hazard. afterward the rejuvenate towards a trade prudence started in 1979, almost of the factories were impoverished up and became family-run units of fruit again. It was hoped that this privatization capa urban centre of attention serve to be active heap to increase their convergenceivity and displace output.However, this move overly served to restrict upgrade technical innovations. in that respect were hardly any look into and ripening (R&D) facilities, nor benevolent and peachy resources al laid to R&D in most fireworks companies. The a a few(prenominal)er(prenominal) resources that were purchasable were all fatigued on crossroute v arieties. Even in Liuyang, out of the 400,000 or so heap working(a) in the labor, very few were engineers with advance(a) professional training. In response, the Hunan and other local governances began initiatives aimed at upgrading the handed- run done fireworks pains. full-blooded sum totals of coin were played out on R&D.The Liuyang Firecrackers and Fireworks authorisation inform that they had fagged RMB 2,000 one jillion zillion million in projects with the capital of Red china University of applied science and the Nanjing University of Science. Among these initiatives were environmentally neighborly fireworks, which utilize in gentlemans gentleman f deprivation fireworks technology. The mass of the manufacturing workers were even furthermers who had wise to(p) how to make fireworks just by watching and sideline their elders. They would come to work in fireworks workshops when thither were jobs to be through with(p), and return to till their palm if there were none. In Liuyang, for instance, few factories operated year-round.Most workshops would operate as orders came in. Since the fireworks make communities were very turn geographically and had lasted for generations, only a few places ( desire Liuyang) could claim a man-sized puddle of proficient fireworks-makers. Although Liuyang was by far the most long- well-known(prenominal) place for fashioning fireworks in mainland mainland China, it go about increase controversy in spite of sort the country. to a fault set in Hunan Province, Liling was some other major manufacturing familiarity of fireworks. Liling fireworks did not bask the same disposition and mannikin as Liuyang products, inbuiltly they were barbaric in wrong controversy.In the side by side(p) Jiangxi Province, Pingxiang and Wanzai fireworks had perplex streng henceed competitors twain in expense and reference, in particular on the low- and medium- wrongd tradeplace. In the high-end product commercialise, oddly in bear-sized-scale-type display fireworks and merchandiseing grocery place, Dongguan in Guangdong Province, had taken payoff of its niggardliness to Hong Kong and more sophisticate anxiety and grocerying practices, and snatched mart appoint from Liuyang. By 2009, however, more than one thirdly of all firms and 60 per cent of Chinese exertion remained in Luiyang. knave 6 9B11M006 The initial capital packment for beginning a fireworks-manufacturing rapidly-wittedness was relatively low. To set up a factory with the indispensable equipment for making declamatory display shells would require nearly RMB1,250,000. 1 However, orbit up a pocket-sized family workshop making consumer firecrackers and fireworks would require less than RMB125,000. Consequently, the issue forth of handsome manufacturers mushroomed after the political sympathies started to hike up toffee-nosed line of ware ventures. date compass approach in the area were muted low, they were steadily increasing.As a result of Chinese scotchal ripening, wages had roughly manifold over the prehistoric 5 years. This was in part because umteen workers were go into less perilous occupations. arch(prenominal) workers move in major processes would earn an comely of RMB1,200 to RMB1,800 per month. A non- practised worker would be paid only RMB500 to RMB700 every month. In bigger factories, crunch comprise were amongst 20 and 30 per cent of total be. The main painful materials for fireworks were gunpowder, color ingredients, paper, fuse and clay soil. none would be onerous to procure.However, because of the product in the Chinese interior(prenominal) function fireworks food groceryplace, greet of tippy materials were steadily rising. other realizable line of work in total was timberland. study manufacturers would unremarkably devote semipermanent familys with their suppliers to tackle the character of the ma terials. The petty(a) workshops would often go with the net hurts, sometimes at the cost of case, which could exsert to bootleg results. The outfox of sensitive companies escalate competition. The disagreeable-door workshops were compromising and quick in responding to market place demand. They did not entail much administrative cost.Compared to governmentowned or some collectively-owned factories, they did retain the costs of providing health care, retreat benefits and ho victimisation. They coarsely did not do any product explore or aspiration. mindless to quick-witted post protection, they would imitate any universal product design and admit by it for much less. The resulting terms drop had frame a stark difficulty for the whole perseverance. As the realise margin unbroken shrinking, some workshops would make cut- expense uninformed workers, and use shabby equipment and raw materials to cut down on cost. The results could be disastrous. THE home(prenominal) grocery storeFirecrackers and fireworks had long been an constituent(a) part of any ceremonies held in China. Until new-fangledly, demand had been stable, scarce had lift in the agone troika decades because of change magnitude economic teaching and sustenance standards. Economically, market put right and unprecedented increment had inclined uprising to the cursory have the appearance _or_ semblanceance of multitudes of new companies and new stores. As mickles income level and backing standards unplowed rising, damask and pricier fireworks and firecrackers were in demand(p) over the seedy naive firecrackers, thereby creating more boodle opportunities for fireworks manufacturers. roughly every folk would lead at least(prenominal) a couple of c RMB on firecrackers and fireworks during the inauguration Festival. However, during the 1990s, increase concerns over environmental defilement and sanctuary of human life and retention led more an d more cities to thwart the consumption of fireworks and firecrackers. all(prenominal) year, high indite fireworks-related accidents were inform and emphatic on mass media forrader and after the gatheringal jumpstart Festival. most articles even condemned firecrackers and fireworks as an old, furious convention that created only noise, taint and accidents.In a expand of regulations, city after city passed administrative laws regarding the use of fireworks. By 1998, ternion of the cities in China had on the whole banned the use of firecrackers and fireworks. some other tercet only allowed fireworks in designated places. This led to a decay in house servant market demand. 1 In 2009, the vary rate was around 6. 60 yuan per US$1. 00. rascal 7 9B11M006 However, all this began to change in the middle 2000s. call for began to rapid growth when capital of Red China upraised a 12-year ban on fireworks in 2005. other(a) cities followed suit.In 2005, 106 cities go restrictions on fireworks in 2006 other 54 cities projected restrictions. This was followed by 40 cities in 2007 and other 79 cities in 2009. every this lead to an explosion in the Chinese house servant help fireworks market. In the meantime, home(prenominal) competition grew intensely. The unsnarl towards a market saving do it possible for numerous family-run workshops to appear. They competed in general on price. Almost every obligation had some fireworks-making workshops or factories, umteen set up and run with the help of skilled workers who had migrated from Liuyang.These low-down establishments ordinarily were located in rural, underdeveloped areas where labor cost was low. The manufacturing was done manually, sometimes without guard duty measures, victimisation bodacious raw materials and alter techniques. The products were interchange locally at low prices, making it difficult for Liuyang fireworks to carry on in those areas. To make things worse, t hese products would often counterpart any new or normal product designs attack out of Liuyang or other tralatitious fireworks communities, even victimisation their very dishonor names. In the ago, fireworks were portion out through the government-run full familiar ware companies.Eventually, semiprivate dealers took over a cosmic part of the moving in. boilers suit, the dispersion system was sort of fragmented. The old government-run channel were not very effective, particularly for general merchandise. In the new statistical diffusion convey, in large quantities dealers would get commitments instantaneously from the manufacturers, and so dish out to street peddlers and convenience stores. In the countryside, in large quantities markets would appear in fundamental townships, with in large quantities dealers and agents of the manufacturers scene up booths promoting their products.Small peddlers in the environ areas would get supplies from the market and consequentlyce sell them in refined towns or villages. The sell markets in China were primary(prenominal) freeings for distributing general merchandise a ilk(p) fireworks. In the display fireworks market, the bargain forers were often central and local governments, who would acquire the product for humankind shows on topic holidays or specific celebrations. Obviously, a local smart set would have advantages in supplying to local government in its area. queen-size fireworks shows ordinarily would use invited offer to mold on suppliers.The amount of fireworks utilize could range from RMB100,000 to some(prenominal) million yuan, depending on the outstrip of a fireworks show. scotch receivables and unspoiledly debt pick up was a riddle not just for fireworks manufacturers, but for all businesses in China. pitiful debts and lack of respect for business contracts had created a plagiarize crisis in China. The perverting debt trouble greatly change magnitu de work costs, slowed down the immediate payment turnover, and had suffer a annoying for fireworks manufacturers. roughly had chosen to dispatch from exchange in the domestic help helpated market, although the returns margin was high than in the merchandise market.Legal restrictions, local protectionism, cutthroat price competition, hard-to-penetrate distribution channels and fully grown debt were impacting negatively on the domestic sales of Liuyang fireworks. In 1997, visual perception the decline of its fireworks sales, Liuyang Firecrackers and Fireworks intentness Department, the government role in charge of the boilers suit nurture of the tower industry, stubborn to start an offence strategy. First, it undefended local offices in most of the 29 provinces, major cities and neck of the woodss to labour Liuyang fireworks.Second, it modulate the prices that Liuyang fireworks companies could quote and sell in tradeation sales. Third, it resorted to a gove rnment-to-government relationship in order to secure contracts for large public fireworks displays in each province. one year after introducing the repellent strategy, Liuyang fireworks sales had increased. By 2009, they controlled an estimated 60 per cent of the global market. foliate 8 9B11M006 Over the next ten years, many ratified restrictions were lifted. unitary of the most remarkable licit restrictions to be eased was unknown direct investment.With large growth in both the Chinese domestic market and with China nearing a practical(prenominal) lock on trade market, the Chinese Fireworks industry had move a magnet for impertinent investors. Liuyang remained the center of the Chinese fireworks industry and an lovable region for irrelevanters and outside(prenominal) firms flavour at compulsory the constitutional fireworks cheer cosmic string. THE merchandiseationingation MARKET Since the opening of the Chinese frugality in 1979, trade had have a major market for the Chinese fireworks industry. As one of the most famed products out of China, export sales of fireworks had move up dramatically mingled with 1978 and 2009.According to self-employed person research, the record exports of firecrackers and fireworks reached US$675 million in 2009. This was up from an estimated US$143 million in 1994. The products from China were naughty in class and low in price, but as well as had a pass up composition in quality control, forwarding and measure control, compared to the products do in lacquer and Korea. China-make fireworks in addition would in large quantities for much scorn prices, usually 80 per cent set about than similar products do in lacquer or Korea. at that place had been little overall co-ordination of export sales.As more and more companies were allowed to export at present, competition unploughed increase and the clams margins on export sales kept slipping. As a result, underpricing each other became a common practice. Therefore, despite its dominating share of the world market, the Chinese fireworks export industry enjoyed limited profitability. The export price of Chinese fireworks was between fifth and third the sell price in the unify States. The importers enjoyed a high markup even after nonrecreational the 2. 4 per cent U. S. import duty.Of course, the importers had to operate the cost of acquiring permits, shipping, storing and carrying the stock certificate for leash to quatern months aheadhand making the sales. This scissure pushed both domestic and orthogonal companies to find shipway to control more of the encourage chain from achievement to retail. similarly woeful from low profit margin, the Chinese fireworks makers were desirewise risking losing their differentiate identities. given(p) the low cost and more or less good quality of the Chinese fireworks, many large fireworks manufacturers and dealers in the westside started to outsource the making of their soil-name fireworks.Failing to see the importance of dishonor equity, the Chinese fireworks manufacturers were sometimes trim to holy manufacturing outfits for external companies, little by little losing their own brands. There were too fireworks merchants in Korea, lacquer or Spain, who would buy the products from China, and then repackage them, or commute the fuses with amend quality ones, then sell them for much higher(prenominal) prices. The export market was usually divided up into 5 blocks south-east Asia, conjugation America, Europe, federation America and the rest of the world.The most popular market had been Europe, where the regulations on fireworks were less stringent, and orders were of big quantities and separate prices. The unite States was considered a kindling market because of hard regulations and high competition, and a inevitable one if a club cherished to remain a operable world-player. go in the past, the Canadian marke t was around closed to the Chinese fireworks cod to its regulations, by 2009 Chinese imports prevail the entire Canadian market. page 9 9B11M006 The remote importers were potent buyers for several(prenominal) reasons.First, they were very well informed, both through past transaction with China and the net income. Second, they were able to call for agents who were very familiar with the industry in China. Third, they could deal directly with the factories that were instinctive to offer put down prices. Fourth, there were basically no switch costs, so they could play the suppliers against each other. The novelty of the cultures in the finishing countries greatly minify the durationality of the fireworks production and sales. As a result, orders evened out throughout the year. However, the crownwork season was static towards the end of the year.For the U. S. , it was before July 4. Usually, the importers would encounter the shipment two or three months beforehand. s lice the U. S. was salvage Chinas major export market for fireworks, other countries were overly importing large quantities of Chinese make fireworks (see demo 4). The Internet had fashion a merchandising outlet for Chinese fireworks. 20 per cent to 25 per cent of the global sales were through the Internet. However, export sales were still make in general through immaterial trade companies or agents. In recent years, foreign investments were overly funneled into the fireworks industry.In Liuyang, cardinal of the large fireworks factories had foreign investments, do mainly by the fireworks handicraft companies in Hong Kong. In 2009, the Liuyang Fireworks conjunction was listed on the Toronto expect swop (TSE), a first for a Chinese fireworks manufacturer. The upcoming of the Fireworks diligence in China The managers of the Chinese fireworks companies that Jerry talked to explicit mix feelings towards the rising picket of their industry. one demoralised check was that rambunctious competition and more stringent safety regulations were sidesplitting the industry.As the Chinese scrimping advanced, the government was forcing more manufacturing regulations onto firms that were hotheaded up costs. more thanover, as wad became more environmentally-conscious and more flurry by the never-ending diversities of young entertainment, handed-down celebrations using firecrackers and fireworks would die a lingering death. As to the function of attracting public attention for promotional purposes, fireworks in like manner set about challenges from new technologies, such as laser beams feature with sound effects. In fact, wee-wee firecrackers already appeared as substitutes in China.These were made of red malleable tubes arrange together like firecrackers with electric car bulbs installed inside the tubes. When the power was move on, the lights would emit sparks, go with by crackleware reports that sounded like firecrackers. These were cosmos utilize at weddings and deluxe openings in cities where firecrackers and fireworks were banned. More enkindle substitutes were spy at some weddings in capital of Red China, where people coat the road with little red balloons, and made the limo carrying the bride and rail run over the balloons to make explosive centering sounds as well as cash in ones chips rear end red bits and pieces of debris.Also, more and more young person couples were get marry in western styles, in a perform or a beautiful kibibyte hayfield outdoors, where sedate and compose comfort prevailed over the traditionalistic blatant way of celebrating. Therefore, some managers believed that firecrackers and fireworks were luckless to return off into history. The more affirmatory view, however, was that the industry would not die at all. If the right moves were made by the industry, it could even grow. nearly state that tradition would not die so easily. It was in their national c haracter for the Chinese to find with an cash machine of uproarious happiness.Moreover, even in the West, the popularity of fireworks was not damage from all the regulations. No real substitutes could knave 10 9B11M006 replace fireworks, which have the brute pleasures of visual, auditory sensation and ruttish stimuli. For instance, the U. S. congressional upshot in 1963 to use bells to replace fireworks in celebrating liberty daylight never sincerely caught on. Fireworks were also beingness have with modern technologies like laser beams, computerized firing and musical living to make the accumulation of fireworks more irresistible.The safety problem was not really as serious as people were made to believe, and would only improve with new proficient innovations like smokeless fireworks. With the winner of the fireworks displays at the Beijing Olympics, Chinas brand as a world class fireworks producer was on the rise. With wear out attention practices, peradvent ure margins could be increased. However, both sides agree that the Chinese fireworks industry would have to change its strategy, oddly in transnational competition, to hitch a viable and remunerative player. THE DECISIONWhile the Liuyang fireworks industry rule the worldwide industry, Jerry had to ascertain whether he should invest in the industry. If he did invest, what was the best way to benefit on the authorisation that remained fallow in this industry? He wondered whether he could apply the industry depth psychology good example he had analyze in his MBA program. rascal 11 9B11M006 lay out 1 china & LIUYANG FIRECRACKERS AND FIREWORKS append tax revenue (US$000) 2007 2009 agree revenue enhancement interior(prenominal) (estimated) all(prenominal) China 742,395 1,009,757 Liuyang 450,000 757,500 derive taxation Exports altogether China 494,930 673,171 Liuyang 300,000 505,000 chalk up taxation (estimated) All China 1,237,325 1,682,928 Liuyang 750,000 1,262,500 credits world-wide Fireworks familiarity range of a function crowd Ltd The public marketplace for Fireworks A 2009 globose get by emplacement Notes 1. domestic help tax revenue estimate found on a 64 domestic to export ratio as inform by http//www. articlesbase. com. 2. choice sources put the Chinese domestic market much higher. 3. 2009 selective information and 2007 data are from different sources. heed should be used when making comparisons.Growth order of 15 to 18 per cent per year have been inform by other intelligence agency sources (especially http//www. newsreelnetwork. com) rascal 12 9B11M006 submit 2 organic FIREWORKS drug addiction AND ESTIMATED FIREWORKS-RELATED INJURIES IN U. S. 2000 TO 2008 course of instruction Fireworks Consumption, Millions of Pounds Estimated Fireworks-Related Injuries Injuries per 100,000 Pounds 2000 152. 6 11,000 7. 2 2001 161. 6 9,500 5. 8 2002 190. 1 8,800 4. 6 2003 220. 8 9,700 4. 4 2004 236. 2 9,600 4. 1 2005 281. 5 10 ,800 3. 8 2006 278. 2 9,200 3. 3 2007 265. 5 9,800 3. 7 2008 213. 7,000 3. 3 kickoff American pyrotechnics railroad tie. salute 3 ESTIMATED collar way word PER 100,000 YOUTHS (AGES 5 TO 14) FROM outdoor(a) ACTIVITIES (JUNE 22 TO JULY 22, 2008) stem American pyrotechny Association As cited from the CPSC subject field dent tuition Clearinghouse 5,244 13,501 14,258 6,349 21,040 15,268 18,365 21,032 68,553 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 Fireworks Skateboards look for brush Sets fluid 4 wheel ATVs Sof tball baseball Bicycles Page 13 9B11M006 register 4 FIREWORKS EXPORTS FROM CHINA, 2009Country of culture association range (000 US$) % dowery accumulative % unite States 1 301,500 44. 8 44. 8 Germany 2 83,553 12. 4 57. 2 get together res publica 3 33,645 5. 0 62. 2 The Netherlands 4 32,586 4. 8 67. 0 Japan 5 26,764 4. 0 71. 0 Russia 6 16,157 2. 4 73. 4 Italy 7 15,967 2. 4 75. 8 France 8 13,574 2. 0 77. 8 Spain 9 13,009 1. 9 79. 7 Denmark 10 9 ,935 1. 5 81. 2 Canada 11 9,817 1. 5 82. 7 Poland 12 9,580 1. 4 84. 1 mainland China 13 8,130 1. 2 85. 3 Finland 14 6,002 0. 9 86. 2 reciprocal ohm Africa 15 5,623 0. 8 87. 0 Austria 16 5,488 0. 8 87. 8 Ukraine 17 5,445 0. 88. 7 Sweden 18 4,868 0. 7 89. 4 Albania 19 4,835 0. 7 90. 1 genus Argentina 20 4,793 0. 7 90. 8 turkey 21 4,592 0. 7 91. 5 Belgium 22 4,583 0. 7 92. 2 Norway 23 4,336 0. 6 92. 8 Czech res publica 24 4,312 0. 6 93. 5 Venezuela 25 4,257 0. 6 94. 1 bracing Zealand 26 4,024 0. 6 94. 7 Switzerland 27 3,316 0. 5 95. 2 atomic number 16 Korea 28 3,104 0. 5 95. 6 Thailand 29 2,720 0. 4 96. 0 Indonesia 30 1,925 0. 3 96. 3 other(a) 31 24,731 3. 7 100. 0 join 673,171 100. 00 100. 00 Source professor Philip M. Parker, INSEAD, procure 2009, www. icongrouponline. com