Use of Irony, Diction, and Imagery in My Last Duchess :: Robert Browning, My Last Duchess

In his spectacular monologue, Robert brown uses irony, diction, and imagery to achieve a haunting effect.Robert Browning frequently wrote dramatic monologues to enhance the dark and avaricious qualities in his works. Brownings use of this particular style is to evoke the unconstrained reaction of a person in aparticular situation or crisis (Napierkowski 170). A poem may say one thing, but when mixed with dramatic monologue, it may present a meaning at odds with the speakers conception(Napierkowski 170). This change may show the reader more insight into the poem without directly stating the underlying facts. The reader is allowed to isolate a single moment in which the character reveals himself more starkly (Napierkowski 171). Brownings use of dramatic monologue disposes the reader to suspend moral judgement (Napierkowski 171) causing a self-complacency to hoer over many of his works.Browning uses irony in conjunction with dramatic monologue to produce a sinister and domineering ef fect. Irony, much like dramatic monologue, butt joint make the reader question the true underlying meaning of the passage. This brief confusion causes an eeriness to be brought about in the work. In My Last Duchess, oral irony is demonstrated when the Duke says to his guests, even had you skill in speech . . . which I have not(35-36).Throughout the poem the Duke proves that he is quite a attired speaker(Markley172). The Duke is not a modest man, but him making this seemingly humble statement in the midst of all his power stricken remarks establishes situational irony. prominent monologue can make an unforseen ironic statement have an ominous surrounding that totally encompasses the readers attention. An individual may initially become very sore if an unannounced late night visitor knocked on their door, just as the Dukes unanticipated remark brought a weary feeling to the reader.Throughout My Last Duchess, Browning uses diction to further increase the haunting effect of his dramatic monologue. His precise and scattered word choice is meant to make the reader recognize the underlying haughtiness in his speech to the Counts emissary. The Duke refers to his former wifes portraits depth and passion in order to place a cloudiness over the realism of the painting. This, along with the faint and half-flush manner that dies along her throat, brings about an overcast appearance to the poem. The Dukes trifling lack of countenance is evident in his jealousy ofthe Duchesss kindness toward others. Her benevolence disgusts the Duke, and causes him to stoop down to spirt off commands in her direction.

Effective Use of Menace in The Merchants Tale :: Merchants Tale Essays

Effective Use of Menace in The Merchants Tale   Geoffrey Chaucers The Merchants Tale uses menace to reinforce many of the themes at bottom the Tale and it is present in more areas than simply Januarie. There is menacing imagery adding tension to the Tale and the way in which the Tale is written often reiterates that. Menaces comes through more than plain threat, it is evident in such ideas as Januaries inappropriate search for a wife. The way in which Januarie bases his search for a wife on concern for his own salvation and sparing interests is menacing as it is a foreboding image for the rest of the marriage. His main interest lies in what he should do to ensure he experiences Paradise both alive and dead and thus highlighting his selfish nature. The economic concerns he shows for the match not lonesome(prenominal) highlight this, but also his threatening lack of emotion that he is prepared to commit to the marriage. Rather than a child, he hopes for an heir, seeing o nly economic opportunity in any offspring. His fiancée can hope for little love for herself or any children. The suffocating nature of Januaries so-called love for fresshe may means that he is unable to think of anyone else being with her. He would wish her to be soul as the turtle that lost hath hire make. This perfect emotion only serves to heighten the irony of the affair that ensues and the previous Biblical references to women who cheated their husbands. The uncertainty caused by the fact that even the Church bids brides be lyk Sarra and Rebekke adds to air of qualm that little can be trusted. The dramatic irony that comes with the image of warm wex shows the hidden power of May, that Januarie knew nothing about. He is unaware that she has equal knowledge of the profit of warm wax and uses it to copy the key to the garden for Damyan. The deviousness of the wife is menacing as she is almost a champion of the image that has previously been so repulsive to the reader. Th e references that Januarie makes to images of being bound are as menacing as his private determination that on their wedding night he wolde hire streyne. His externalise to be such a physical power in the marriage is suffocating. Not only does he want to dominate physically, but his spiritual sanction in the relationship is unfair as Mays views are not considered and she speaks very little.

The Cold War :: History, USSR, The Space Race

Imagine a world where everyone has nothing, this was the USSR during the rimed struggle. The Cold War was a 40 yearlong war between the USA and the USSR. The US and the USSR never had any direct contact, but what they did do was have races. These races were the Nuclear Arms race and the Space race. The Nuclear Arms race was not so much an arms race as it was a defense race. This is because with both sides have nuclear bombs, both of them would have enough bomb power to revenge (Hart 440) The Space Race was, as the name says, a race to see who could get up in space first. Amazingly nuclear arms helped provide man to get up in space.The Cold War was a war between the USSR and the US. Even though they never fought directly there were many a(prenominal) wars between democracy and communism. Most of the wars between 1950-1990 were part of the Cold War (BrianPOP). For example, the Korean War (1950-1953) and the Vietnam affair (1955-1975) are two well-known wars that happened becaus e of communism. (Wikipedia). The Korean War was a war fought between North and S divulgeh Korea. North Korea was Communist and Soviet backed, while South Korea was part of the UN (Dolan 9). Like the Korean War the Vietnam Conflict was a war fought between North and South Vietnam. Also like the Korean War the South was democratic while the north was communist (Wikipedia). roughly of the wars fought between Communism and Democracy happened in a smaller scale. For example, in Germany 1938, the Soviet Union limited transport into the city of Berlin. Germany at this time was better into two sections, Democratic and Communism. The French, British, and America controlled the West, while Russia controlled the East (HowStuffWorks). The city of Berlin was divided between the two sections, East and West Berlin. In 1938, Stalin stopped transport into the city by putting up blockades, blocking all roads and railroads that led out of the city (Hart 438). Stalin was doing this to starve out the Allies so they would get out of the city. The Allies didnt move, but what they did do was fly planes into the city of Berlin and dropped off food and supplies (Hart 438). Ten months later Stalin gave up on the blockade and took it down (Hart 438). During the Cold War, Berlin was hit again by the influences of Stalin.

Welfare to Work: A New Response to Poverty Essay -- Exploratory Essays

Professors Comments This student has d one(a) an outstanding job of fulfilling the requirements of the assignment in his analysis of the Welfare to Work Program.Abstract This study defines poverty, explains its causes and consequences on various systems, and traces our political response to this problem from the modern Deal efforts to the present system of welfare. Drawing from recent literature to examine specifically the efficacy of TANFs welfare to survive (WtW) initiative, this writer focuses on the following (1) on the target population, single mothers and children, and (2) on how this initiative is affecting both this group and the overall problem of poverty. Also include are a discussion of the historical and contemporary issues regarding this initiative as well as implications for social work policy and practice. Welfare to Work on a lower floor TANF A New Generation of Responses to Poverty Existing in all cultures and affecting people from many walks of life, especia lly single mothers and children, poverty does not discriminate. What is poverty, and so? Is it simply a condition, or does it create conditions that reach far beyond a simple social issue? In order to understand these questions, one must begin with underlying definitions. Poverty is technically broken into two categories absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty exists when a family cannot provide for its basic needs which include nutrition, clothing, and shelter. A measurement for this category is the poverty line, a calculation that is based on three times the amount of a familys normal food budget. On the other hand, relative poverty measures economic status and compares it between families within the same geographical locus (Ka... ...y Longman, Inc.Egendorf, L. K. (1999). Poverty opponent viewpoints. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press.Evaluating Welfare Reform (1999, June 1). Retrieved from http//speakout.com.Karger, H. J. & Stoesz, D. (1998). American s ocial welfare policy A pluralist approach (3rd ed.). New York Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.Reichert, D. (1998, July). TANF appropriations in state legislatures. National Conference of press out Legislatures. Retrieved from http//www.ncsl.org/statefed/welfare/moememo.htm.Segal, E. & Brzuzy, S. (1998). Social welfare policy, programs, and practice. Itasca, IL F. E. Peackock Publishers, Inc.Trattner, W. (1999). From poor law to welfare state A history of social welfare in America (6th ed.). New York The Free Press.Vallianatos, C. (2001, October). Child support, cohabitating families studied. NASW News, 46(9), 12.

Organizational Change Essay -- Business, Interventions

Organizational change is an in-chief(postnominal) part of organizational management and leading cannot ignore the inevitability of having to manage change within their organizations. In addition, a global study that was conducted with over 2,000 organizations showed that 82 percent had implemented major nurture system change, which entailed other changes in structure, technology, and people as well (as cited in Robbins & Coulter, 2007). Therefore, it is imperative that managers and organizations understand how to increase their chances of having successful change programs.Diagnosis The first rate in designing a change program is to understand what the problem or issue is that needs to be changed. This is referred to as diagnosis and is very important in making sure that the situation is fully understood so that an appropriate plan can be developed that will achieve the sought after outcomes. In addition, diagnosis helps the organization determine what the scope of t he issue is and how to make a change that will result in the desired outcome. There atomic number 18 several ways to receive the requisite data to conduct a diagnosis. The organization can conduct attitude surveys, they can use direct observations, question key individuals within the organization, develop workshops and review documents and records (Gibson et al., 2009). Unfortunately, many organizations do not take their time with this step which can result in flawed conclusions on the true nature of the problem, not understanding what their desired outcome from the change is, or not identifying the right intervention for the change. Therefore, it is very important to collect the needed information from various sources to determine the nature and scope of the issue or p... ...nforcement (Gibson et al., 2009).Conclusion The concept of change is relatively easy to understand, but making a change within an organization is complicated and involves numerous variables. Fi rst mangers need to use a systematic approach to determine the issues. They have to develop a course of action that resolves the issue, makes sure that everyone understands the issue, and the need for change. Mangers have to then move everyone to the new behavior using learning principles of training, demonstration, motivation, and empowerment. Finally, there must be feedback on how the change worked, make any needed adjustments, and reinforce the new behavior so old habits atomic number 18 eliminated. Change is an important part of all organizations and mangers that are able to develop and implement effective change programs will be valuable members of their organization.

Organizational Change Essay -- Business, Interventions

Organizational change is an important part of organizational management and leaders cannot ignore the inevitability of having to manage change within their organizations. In addition, a global study that was considered with over 2,000 organizations showed that 82 percent had implemented major information system change, which entailed other changes in structure, technology, and people as strong (as cited in Robbins & Coulter, 2007). Therefore, it is imperative that managers and organizations sympathize how to increase their chances of having successful change programs.Diagnosis The first step in designing a change program is to understand what the problem or introduce is that needs to be changed. This is referred to as diagnosis and is very important in making sure that the situation is fully tacit so that an appropriate plan can be developed that pull up stakes achieve the desired vector sums. In addition, diagnosis helps the organization determine what the scope o f the abridge is and how to make a change that will result in the desired outcome. There are several ways to receive the needed data to conduct a diagnosis. The organization can conduct attitude surveys, they can use direct observations, interview key individuals within the organization, develop workshops and review documents and records (Gibson et al., 2009). Unfortunately, many organizations do not take their time with this step which can result in flawed conclusions on the true nature of the problem, not understanding what their desired outcome from the change is, or not identifying the right intervention for the change. Therefore, it is very important to collect the needed information from various sources to determine the nature and scope of the issue or p... ...nforcement (Gibson et al., 2009).Conclusion The concept of change is relatively easy to understand, but making a change within an organization is complicated and involves numerous variables. first-class h onours degree mangers need to use a systematic approach to determine the issues. They have to develop a course of action that resolves the issue, makes sure that everyone understands the issue, and the need for change. Mangers have to indeed move everyone to the invigorated behavior using learning principles of training, demonstration, motivation, and empowerment. Finally, there must be feedback on how the change worked, make any needed adjustments, and reinforce the new behavior so old habits are eliminated. Change is an important part of all organizations and mangers that are able to develop and implement effective change programs will be valuable members of their organization.

Adding a Class to the School Curriculum Essay

Dear Principal, a class that specializes in focus, prioritizing, organization and teaching skills is absolutely necessary for any center field School bookman. At my age and younger, assimilators have a tendency to be disorganized both physic bothy and mentally. I have a knack for losing and forgetting my readying assignments and my grades suffering. I know I am non alone in this struggle against clutter and forgetfulness. Critical thinking classes provide a student with structure, study skills and the art of prioritizing. I know personally the effects of school on a student who is unprep atomic number 18d and disorganized. The stress and sleepless iniquitys can be avoided with a class dedicated to the students future. Un uniform Math and Language Arts, this class would be linked with the students success in EVERY other class. The benefits would not only pertain to students, but to the enthusiasm and effectiveness of a teacher. Is there anything more important than preparing a s tudent for his or her future?The skills learned in a critical thinking class would suffice a student not only through Middle and High School. The study skills and note victorious strategies would also be useful and very beneficial in College and whatever c atomic number 18er they choose to pursue in the future. A class dedicated on teaching a student to remain focused and urinate spotless notes in lectures would be beneficial to all the daylightdreamers, doodlers and dozers who cant listen to a teacher and stay focused on the words coming out of her mouth. I know the effects all too good. As my teacher begins her day-by-day rant, I shut my mind off and let it wander around the room. I see students snoring in the corner and others doodling in their notebook or flinging notes to each other as slyly as possible. I smile at their antics in relieving the exhausting boredom of a class like this. lonesome(prenominal) a handful of students are actually listening to the teacher and i t is evident that they rather be anywhere else doing anything else. With lunch skilful ten minutes away(predicate) the whole class is already leaning towards the door and staring hungrily at the wall clock. I am snapped out of my daydream by the clamant shrieking of the lunch bell above my head. Relief runs through me as the teacher dismisses us and our grumbling stomachs. As quickly as I perhaps can I scramble to pack up all my things and rush to the lunchroom. I dont even remember to write down the training assignment This forgetfulness is fueled by my inability to stay focused in any class very much less the one right before lunch. The night before I had stayed up all night studying for a different adjudicate this inevitably leads to me macrocosm grumpy and unfocused for the following days. specially since every night seemed to be a late night and with the stress and lack of sleep I am on the verge of snapping. The next day I fail the pop quiz along with almost all of th e students who stopped listening to the teachers lecture, five minutes in.Mr. Principal, if students knew how to take accurate notes and focus, then the snoring in the back of the class would be brought to a minimum as well as all the other distractions in the room. Students would be more eager to learn if they understood how to do it in a way that works for them and they see the positive effects it can have on their lives. Grades everywhereall would improve if students knew how to listen in class and study correctly. Instead of waiting until the night before a huge exam, reading words over and over until they become a jumbled mess of never ending letters and symbols, I could study one step at a cartridge clip so that on the night before I can skim over the topics and be on the watch to face the test. Being prepared keeps students from wanting to impinge school in order to avoid the test as a whole or just to sleep in and catch up on some Zs.Preparation would also bring the lack of sleep and stress to a minimum. No longer would the piles of never ending cooking and study guides hover over our worn out minds, not if we knew how to work ahead and prioritize what needs to be done now and what can be done progressively. It would function to keep students fresh, awake and ready to learn every morning. Not only could grades improve, but so would the schools attendance record. Mr. Principal, students are more willing to come to class if there is something to picture forward to. Instead of school being boring and torturous, it could be viewed as an opportunity to couch the skills learned in their Critical Thinking class to the test. There would also be less problems waking up and therefore making it to class on time. No more napping in class, instead students would be note-taking and teachers would see the increased enthusiasm in their class.The teachers would be motivated to work even harder to teach their students all they can. Why would teachers want to tea ch if they know that the students couldnt care less? If teachers see students participating and not acting out then they would also be motivated to help the students learn even more than what is specified in the curriculum. Regular and advanced students would surpass any of the other schools. The school would work at least ten times more efficiently and productively. Everyone would be enthusiastic and successful in school. Mr. Principal if adding a class could determine whether your school is reasonable or above average, would you take the chance? The skills learned in Middle School Critical Thinking classes would have a lasting impression in a students life forever. With the added skills, advanced teachers, and motivation that a student gains while taking a Critical Thinking class would emphatically up their chances of that student staying in school not only in High School, but progressing even in the College level.This is not a simple work and many students who just dont know h ow to keep their lives organized have a lot more chances of drop out than the student who is well prepared and ready to take on anything the class has for them. In college most if not all the classes are lectures, if this bores a student or a student knows how to keep organized notes then the classes will be a lot harder. In comparison to High School, College has a lot more temptation to go party instead of studying, or hanging out with friends in your dorm instead of going over yesterdays notes. This can lead to dropping grades and even dropping out of school. Peer pressure to drink, smoke and not study is a LOT stronger as the years go by. In college teachers are no longer on top of their students to do their assignments and to study like the teachers in Middle School and High School. Students have more freedom and a more responsibility to keep their grades intact and the choice to worry about their academic or their social life.This responsibility may be too much for an average student, but for a student who has been taught and has practiced their critical thinking skills, the choice is obvious. The students who have the discipline to prioritize correctly and put their school starting line will be more successful time and time again over the student who picks his social life over his stupid grades. The students who stay up until midnight cramming for an exam that they knew months before will also struggle with their own problems in the future. Mr. Principal, a student who has practiced discipline, prioritizing, focusing and productivity will be prepared for anything that can come at them in the future. It is your job to prepare your students and if your students arent improving then their academics are failing. This is not something that can be fixed with more work, but with a class that helps kids manage their time better. Skills like these are not only useful in college though. They are useful in the students career. coach and respect are very useful i n an office setting especially when interning. Interns are usually put through a series of test before they are even accepted Most of the time these tests have nothing to do with what one hundred twenty thousand times fifty dollar bill is, but with how to manage two or three tasks at the same time and how to be adaptable in any situation. An intern who already knows how to take outline notes and schedule their days accordingly will have much more chances of succeeding in the business world over an unprepared slacker. Bosses look for organization and preparation in their employees, but above that they look for someone who looks the part. Before you even open your mouth in an discourse, the only thing the employer sees is just how long you stayed up the night before preparing a last minute resume.The bags under your eyes and crumpled outfit wont seem like a presentable and organized employee and the typos in your resume will stand out in comparison to the other applicant who worked on their resume for a week, reading and rereading it until it was perfection. The applicant who has her hair perfectly in place, her outfit ironed flat and fully prepared to speak to the employer has a lot more chances of being hired. This all goes back to you, Mr. Principal. The students ability to focus on the interview and be prepared depends fully on what opportunities YOU put in their lives when they are in your school. If Critical Thinking Classes arent offered in school then your students will be beat out in interview after interview not only for their careers, but for college and for advanced placement.This will hinder them in comparison to the students who have all the skill they taught in their Critical Thinking classes to help them through the interview and even to their promotions in work. Mr. Principal students deserve to have a class that will allow them to have an upperhand in classes, interviews and applications. Every student has the ability to have straight As and be successful, but not all of them have the skills needed to put their abilities to work and help them not only in Middle School, but for the rest of their lives.Mr.Principal you have nothing to lose and everything to gain. The admiration of both your staff and students and the incredible feeling that comes from knowing that youve make a difference in your students lives. Without a doubt, thanks to the Critical Thinking Class your school could benefit from the increased academic abilities of your students. This class will help students for generations to come, if you could go back in time wouldnt you want to be given this chance?

Assignment “Introduction to Leadership” Essay

Leadership entitles When looking at precedeership style I ingest to look at what as a omnibus I am good at and that has got me to the position as Manager and what I drive to do to progress my team. Firstly I need to gain the respect of my team by treating every whiz fairly. Leadership is defined as the process in which an idiosyncratic influences the group of individuals to attain a common goal. The goal is attained by mutual cooperation and cohesive behaviour. A leader infuses a sense of logical positivism and directs separates to reach the specified goal. A leader is someone who stands non only for his cause further takes responsibility and motivates other individuals also. There is a clear fight between being a manager and a leader. A leader is a motivation for others and inspires individuals to aim high and attain that aim.However a manager only supervises over his subordinates. Power naturally comes to a leader that that power is not a tool of leader. To be a good lead I spend a penny to look at the managers around me and what in my opinion makes them good or bad leaders and also if these argon traits that I hatful fit and use or at long last will they be out of character for me and be counterproductive for me. Using the Paul and Kenneth Blanchard model of Situational Leadership- grave this is where a person has low skill and low willingness maybe a new starter. This is the style I would use for a new starter who does not yet pretend the skills to operate independently. Selling this is where a person would have low ability but high willingness.This style I would use on someone like Dave in the office he wants to do a good job but is of an age that he does not quite have the skills he needs but he more than makes up for that with his knowledge of the job. So I need to draw on his experience to help him accomplish his goals. Participating this is for a person will high ability and low willingness. This lead style I would use on Becc a as she has the ability but when things are going against her tends to try and hide from difficult circumstances so i would have a discussion with her and give her the support needed to support the job done. Delegating this is for High ability and high willingness.This i am more than comfortable using on Ann and Mel as they have shown that they can easily do the tasks i tog them. I have also set them individual tasks looking at how we can improve our day to day activities and lastly make our lives easier in the long run. After doing the test I came down as someone who was fairly evenly spread of tell, selling and participating but who does not delegate this is something I have known about and my team has told me and something I can now begin to addressReview of own leadership behaviour-I am relatively new in the role of Sales office Manager. I have progressed from a role within the grind by doing an excellent job as a traffic planner. I took all the information gain by talking to people and being in the loop within the factory. I took in account what the factory could do and what our customer expectations were which allowed us to plan what was needed and by when to meet what the customer in truth needed. Being new to the sales role I have had to take myself out the information loop and learn a new role. I have had to learn a new computer system and at the same time be the role model for my team. Whilst doing this I have made myself unattached for any problems the team has but have tried to show that I can do the job and also help team members who have been doing it for years. I currently have a team of five people all with varying abilities. I have two long serving members of staff one part time and two that started at the beginning of the year.With no two members of staff the same I have had to employ different leadership style i.e. with Dave he is coming up to retirement and I would say he was low on ability he has a high willingness to complete tasks set so with him I would employ the obese leadership style which was very similar with my two new starters but as the months progressed they both showed high ability but one was more willing to achieve than the other so with Becca I had to show a participating style of leadership and with Mel I am able to delegate more as she showed both high ability and high willingness. The factory as a whole is very unionised and whilst the bulk of the staff are in the union they do generally like to get the job done and if this means working long stressful hours they do.When we are in these situations I will change my leadership style to match the situation where it be acting on their behalf to speak to people who they have fuck with (maybe another member of staff or even customers) or by re-enforcing procedures that are there to make the lives easier or by finding courses that will ultimately give them the tools to make their jobs easier in the long run. I have spoken to members of the team a nd other managers around the office and all have said I try to do too much and that I need to learn to delegate and whilst this doesnt come naturally to me (my preferred leadership style was telling and participating) I have taken their comments on board and have started to delegate a lot more around the team and focused on other areas within the team that would help them to improve and grow.I can improve myself as a leader by listening to others and taking advice and giving and receiving feedback and also by doing courses and re assessing myself to look at things from a different angle and point of view. Within the factory I am constantly being assessed and feedback given over my goals are constantly moving but I personally need to delegate more to enable me to grow as a manager.I have also started to meet other Sales office managers within the group so I know that the job I have been doing whilst not merely the same as other sites is very similar and I havent been doing that bad a job but perception is everything so I have to look at promoting myself with the site and also more importantly to other sites what I have to say has value and I can introduce a lot to the table but I also have to look at the individuals within my team and look at their maturity levels and adapt my leadership to what is needed to each individual and also learn to delegate more.

Lynching: Black People and New York Essay

The titles of the works are The Lynching, Bitter production of the Tree, and Song for a vileness Girl. These poems were written by Claude McKay, superlative Brown and Langston Hughes. The genres for these works are horror, realistic fiction, and poetry. The Lynching was published in 1920, Bitter Fruit of the Tree was published in 1939, and Song for A vague Girl was published in 1927. These poems are all relevant to the essay because they are about kill and their experience on it. Each poem describes the horrors of lynch and how each of the characters beliefs and perspective comes into play.The word lynch roughly means to falsely execute an individual in a mob. It is a terrible crime that happened during the nineteenth century in southern states. They did these heinous crimes to African Americans because they wishinged to have white supremacy over them. They performed many another(prenominal) opposite kinds of execution all in public to strike fear in hearts of blacks. But the y did not only murder African Americans, they also lynched some specific white people too. The most desirely killed whites that sympathized with the black community. The police didnt little to nothing to prevent or stop the unjust killings.In fact most of the time, the officers participated in them. Enforcing lynch laws was nearly impossible, and so people didnt dare to try and stop them in fear of becoming victims themselves. Because of these outbreaks of unreasonable murders, many people was killed and many loved ones were lost. These poems are a few examples of how each of the authors viewed, experienced, and approached lynch. Claude McKay, Sterling Brown and Langston Hughes all have their own experience and thoughts about kill as they take them in their literature. All three of them write about a different perspective on the matter.In general, they all thought the same about lynching as evil, but there are significant differences on how they showed and themed lynching. In Mc Kays work, The Lynching, McKay tells a story of a black man that was burnt to ending by a mob, and how the women and children dance and celebrated for their accomplishment. The theme of the poem is human corruption. He views these people as a diseased population that baron one day affect the well-being of society. Any logically person would think how anyone could celebrate after committing a hideous sin.Because of this McKay believed that these crimes of the ignorant society leave behind corrupt the children, and turn them into future murderers. He saw how corrupted they already were when the little lads, lynchers that were to be, Danced round the dreadful thing in fiendish glee. This means that the kids testament think something want is natural or correctly because their parents. If nothing was assumee, lynching would be intergraded into their culture. At this point they dont know the difference from right and equipment casualty. They dont understand the cruelty and distu rbing act that was committed right in campaign of them.This supports the fact that McKay believes lynching can be infective to society especially to the children. He believes that because of how the children were acting around the dead consistency. McKay can predict what will become of them in the future. Sterling Brown had a different approach to lynching for he believes that white people are arrogant. They are so arrogant that it doesnt matter if they killed African Americans because to them blacks are dispensable. They use lynching as a tool to visualise the black community with fear.White supremacy was so extreme that they believe it was right to kill blacks and treat them like animals. According to the poem, it is a story about his family and all the hardship that they had to endure. Two of his grandmothers sons were taken away from her, his grandfather was beaten to near death when he tried to escape, and his fathers was used to do hard labor without any type or reward or p ay. Its like telling them that there is no reason to get mad because everything is rightfully theirs and if you tried to stop them, there will be consequences.The white supremacy believed that lynching was seen as the most effective means of control. They used that fear of death or beatings to control the future generation. Because of that, they believe that they can do anything they want to them like. For example, the father that was being used for all his hard work planting the crops didnt get anything in return. He didnt dare stand up to them in fear of being beaten or killed like his father was. This evidence supports the idea of the white supremacy thinks that they are better than blacks and can control them by using fear tactics.Because of that, they think they can do whatever they please without consequences. Langston Hughes also had a different opinion about lynching. Hughes believes that lynching principally occurs in the southern states, and that the white supremacy will Unjustly execute anyone who they despise and hate. He also believes that no one was willing to help the victims because they dont to become victims themselves. In Hughes poem, Song for a Dark Girl, the girls lover is badly beaten and hanged right in front of her. The theme in this poem is helplessness to do anything and just observe.Hughes is less concerned with wrong and right than with circumstance and effect. He already knows that lynching is evil, but he is more concerned about how the other people would react and what they would do. It had a great effect on the girl because now she questions and dubiousness her faith. The girl couldnt have done anything for him, and instead pray to white messiah. At last, it was in vain because her lover was hung naked on a tree. He was killed for no good reason, and no one tried to stop it. While surveiling the event, she asked the white Lord Jesus, what was the use of prayer? The lovers body symbolizes Jesus and how he died for the sins of others. This proof shows Hughes thought process. He focused on the girls reaction and feelings instead of the actual lynching. The girl could only watch as her lover was being lynched and feeling of helplessness broke her heart. She could only describe the horrible scene that she witness. She lost faith in the white Jesus that she used to believe in. All of these poems describe the horrors of lynching and how the authors felt, thought, and believed about the topic. McKay believed that lynching will corrupt the children and future traditions.Brown knew that the white supremacy used lynching as a tool to control people with fear. Hughes focused on the effects and consequences of lynching than the action of doing it. Even though all their ideas, views, and beliefs were a molybdenum different, they are all connected to one another. The White supremacy used lynching to control people, which in turn make the children want to imitate their parents. When that happens, it will become a tra dition and spread like an infection. What would you do if you witness lynching during this time period and how would you feel?Would you try to stand up to the wrong doers knowing that youre putting yourself in danger? Citations Baym, Nina, ed. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Packet II. 7th ed. New York Norton, 2007. McKay, Claude. The Lynching. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Packet II. Baym, Nina, 7th ed. New York Norton, 2007. Brown, Sterling. Bitter Fruit of the Tree. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Packet II. Baym, Nina, 7th ed. New York Norton, 2007. Hughes, Langston. The Lynching. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Packet II.Baym, Nina, 7th ed. New York Norton, 2007. Crutchfield, Victoria. The Broken Heart Community in Langston Hughes Song for a Dark Girlisites. harvard. edu. Expose, n. d. Web. 2006-2007 The Negro Holocaust Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1880-1950 yale. edu. Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute, n . d. Web. 2012 Tidwell, John. Sterling A. Browns Life and Career english. illinois. edu. Modern American Poetry , n. d. Web. 1997 United States. YungJames88. BBCs Racism History- A lynching in Texas in 1916 YouTube. YouTube, Web. 5 Oct. 2011.

Emotions

Collectivist countries Japan, china retreat emotions innate to family between the groups , Individualistic countries think emotions atomic number 18 not directed to them. jet emotions anger, fear,sadness,happiness, disgust, surprise. Happiness Is conf consumptiond with surprise. Love is difficult to convey In facial converseion. Positive emotions (Joy and gratitude) and negative emotions (anger guilt) . Neutral state is non emotional. So if we group and -eve emotions they become your moods. ramp can not be put in model cozy its not clear. High effect in mood structure give cerebrate to excitement.As same high -eve effect can be related to nervousness, tense. And some hybrid emotions, contentment mixture of high +eve and low negative (serene, relaxed). So these effects color our perceptions which becomes reality and carriage. Air stewardess example, Negative emotions negative mood . Negative experiences atomic number 18 fast to recollect. Positivist offset If zero scuttleb utt mostly pot feel positive mood. China has less of positive and negative emotions . Pride Is well In US but no In china. Emotions help you to make acute decisions, brain Injury people making Irrational decisions.Thinking + emotional state rational decisions. Sources of emotions and moods 1. Personality ms thong and Hartmann Sings shows different lift out up intensity 2. Time and day +eve at end of week, negative at Sundays, in intra day positive mood peaks during the middle part . 3. brave illusory correlation when people think deuce things are related whenever are not so moods are not affected by stick out 4. Stress stressful days affect moods negatively 5. Sleep poor/reduced sleep cloud your decision and make difficult to control our emotions 6. model +eve effect 7. Social actively 8.Age emotional experience gets better as we age, much +eve episode and less -eve 9. Sex womens reactions are character based and men reactions are environment Why we see more +eve mood then negative moods 1. _eve emotion more when they are that when 2. Reluctant to divulge -eve feeling in social situation Emotional labor people who rent to express organizational desired emotions . Air hostess Emotional dissonance projecting something else then feelings Surface acting vs.. Deep acting (true feeling) ATE (affective events theory) work come out events causes emotional reactions +eve and e will influence employment attitudes and behaviors.So people who s event low on emotional stability react strongly to negative events. So all these effects the COB, behaviors and workplace deviance. 1 . Emotions provide valuable insight into how workplace hassles influence employee performance 2. Employee and managers should onto ignore the emotions when they re minor as they accumulate. El is persons ability to perceive emotions in self and others,2, understand meaning of emotions, regulate emotions . Effective presidents US then failed presidents the study difference was E l. Arguments in favor of El 1.Intuitive appeal Almost everyone agrees is good to possess social intelligence. Intuition is to detect emotions in others , control their emotions and handle social interactions. ar good in business world. 2. El predicts subject consider that high level of El representation person will perform well on the Job 3. El is biologically based , people without discriminatory cortex have same IQ but lower CEQ Arguments against El 1. El researchers do not agree on definition some use tests soon use self reports 2. El cant be measured measures of El are vast 3.El is personality but with different label El fast related to intelligence and personality it has nothing unique to offer. Emotional Regulation individuals with higher personality trait of neurotics have more trouble to regulate the emotions . And people with low self esteem are less likely to to improve sad mood. Ignoring negative experience can speck to better regulation. Application of catch emot ions and moods 1. Selection factor in hiring employees, especially in social interactions. Better El better performance 2. Decision Making +eve emotions pencil lead to rational decisions .Creativity+Ive mood leads to creativity more open in thinking 4. Motivation +eve mood leads to +eve feedback which reinforces the +eve mood. Two groups puzzle example. Good to co worker and higher sale for selling firm 5. Leadership leader if excited enthusiastic will covey optimism enjoyment . Help in promoting the reverie to employees 6. Negotiation so best negotiator should not feel bad about the negative emotion and develop negative perception for counter part as thats will impair future dialog . SO Emotions can impair negotiator performance.So arson phonies gage will be best negotiation as he will not be taken back by negative outcomes. 7. Customer service emotional dissonance can lead to decline of Job dissatisfaction. Emotional contagion so +eve feeling of employee will be responded back +vela by customer and lead to longer shopping. -eve feeling is also contagious 8. Job attitude bad day at work means unpleasant evening with your spouse . People envy, anger leading to deviant behavior 10. Safety and Injury at work. -eve mood can make you anxious, distracted and careless leading to injury. Managers use humor and token of handgrip to mitigate +eve moodEmotionsDifferent people define emotions in different ways. Some make a distinction between emotions and feelings saying that a feeling is the response part of the emotion and that an emotion includes the situation or experience, the interpretation, the perception, and the response or feeling related to the experience of a particular situation. For the purposes of this article, I use the terms interchangeably.John D. (Jack) Mayer says, Emotions operate on many levels. They have a material aspect as well as a psychological aspect. Emotions keep going thought, feeling, and action they operate in every part of a person, they affect many aspects of a person, and the person affects many aspects of the emotions.Dr. Maurice Elias says, Emotions are human beings warning systems as to what is really going on around them. Emotions are our most reliable indicators of how things are going on in our lives. Emotions help keep us on the right track by making sure that we are led by more than the intellectual/ intellectual faculties of thought, perception, reason, memory. Why Bother With EmotionsEmotions control your thinking, behavior and actions. Emotions affect your physical bodies as much as your body affects your feelings and thinking. People who ignore, dismiss, repress or just ventilate their emotions, are setting themselves up for physical illness. Emotions that are not felt and released but buried within the body or in the aura can cause serious illness, including cancer, arthritis, and many types of inveterate illnesses. Negative emotions much(prenominal) as fear, anxiety, negativity, frustr ation and depression cause chemical reactions in your body that are very different from the chemicals released when you feel positive emotions such as happy, content, loved, accepted. Belief SystemsUnderlying much of our behavior is what is called a belief system. This system within us filters what we see and hear, affecting how we behave in our daily lives. thither are many other elements that affect our lives,including past lives and the core yields we come into this life for resolution, but our belief systems in this life have a major effect on what we think and do.Your belief system affects your perceptions or how you interpret what you see, hear and feel. For example, a person raised by an angry man or woman will view people in the future with beliefs that anger is bad or that it is something to fear. Another example would be someone who is quite reasoned but who has never been encouraged or honored for their intelligence, this person might believe they are stupid. Men raised in conservative societies might have the belief that women who work outside of the home are not as good as those who do not work outside of the home.It takes a mint candy of work to look at yourself and identify the beliefs that are affecting your life in a negative manner. However, knowing your beliefs will give you a gravid basis for emotional freedom. I do believe that its wise to deal with the belief systems before dealing with the identification and release of emotions. First things offset printing Other People, Places, and Things Cannot Change How You Feel The only person who can change what you feel is you. A new relationship, a new house, a new car, a new job, these things can momentarily distract you from your feelings, but no other person, no material possession, no activity can remove, release, or change how you feel.How often do you hear people say things like when I have enough money, I wont be afraid anymore, only to find there never seems to be enough money to st op being afraid. Or when Im in a secure relationship I wont feel lonely any more, and finding they are still lonely regardless of their relationship. We need to understand that we take our feelings with us wherever we go. A new dress, a new house, a new job, none of these things change how we feel. Our feelings remain within us until we release them. Emotions Are Not the Only Cause of IllnessEmotions are not the only cause of illness. Little babies and youngchildren get ill, and not perpetually because of their emotional issues. There are many causes of illness including emotions, but they are not the sole cause of illness.The causes of illness now are quite different from the issues causing illness 20 or 30 years ago. We are living in a world filled with chemical, metal, and atomic poisons, radiation, pollution, and pesticides in our food. We are bombarded with all types of electricity. These energies affect the physical, mental/ intellectual, energetic and emotional health of pe ople.As we travel more, moving with ease from country to country, different types of infection causing elements are spreading around the world more easily. Infections of parasites, worms, viruses, and different types of infectious bacteria are many times greater than 20 years ago. Our water supplies are filled with chemicals and metals. The benefits of antibiotics have also brought with them the hindrance of the candida fungus overgrowth and other physical and emotional difficulties. The causes of illness today are different. Two Basic Emotions In Life Love and FearThere are only two basic emotions that we all experience, love and fear. All other emotions are variations of these two emotions. Thoughts and behavior come from either a place of love, or a place of fear. Anxiety, anger, control, sadness, depression, inadequacy, confusion, hurt, lonely, guilt, shame, these are all fear-based emotions. Emotions such as joy, happiness, caring, trust, compassion, truth, contentment, satis faction, these are love-based emotions.There are varying degrees of intensity of both types of emotions, some being mild, others moderate, and others strong in intensity. For example, anger in a mild form can be felt as disgust or dismay, at a moderate level can be felt as offended or exasperated, and at an intense level can be felt as rage or hate. And the emotion that always underpins anger is fear. Physical Effects of EmotionsEmotions have a direct effect on how our bodies work. Fear-based emotions stimulate the release of one set of chemicals while love-based emotions release a different set of chemicals. If the fear-based emotions are long-term or chronic they damage the chemical systems, the immune system, the endocrine system and every other system in your body. Our immune systems weaken and many serious illnesses set in. This relationship between emotions, thinking, and the body is being called Mind/Body Medicine today. You Cannot Control Your EmotionsYou cannot change or co ntrol your emotions. You can learn how to be with them, living peacefully with them, transmuting them (which means releasing them), and you can manage them, but you cannot control them.Think of the people who go along day after day seeming to function normally, and all of a sudden they will explode in anger at something that seems relatively superficial and harmless. That is one sign of someone who is trying to control or repress their emotions but their repressed emotions are leaking out.The more anyone tries to control their emotions the more they resist control, and the more frightened people eventually become at what is seen to be a loss of emotional control. It is a vicious circle.Its important today to be politically correct. And that means not challenging or disagreeing with what the average person believes. It means not expressing negative emotions in public. Showing emotion in public in North American and European societies represents being out of control a great sign of w eakness. People feel uncomfortable with those who express strong emotions. We are a society that is taught to hide our emotions, to be ashamed of them or to be afraid of them. Regardless, we are born with them and must live with them. This means learning how to know them, be with them, and release them. The Difference Between Core Issues and EmotionsWe each come into this lifetime with at least one core issue to resolve.Different situations will continue to present themselves in different but repeat patterns until you have dealt with the core issues in your life.A few examples of core issue are abandonment / victimization, demanding justice in all matters, living spiritually rather than materially. These are overarching issues that affect emotions completely. Many people find out about their core issues by learning to deal with their emotions. It is a gentle pathway that leads you into a deeper knowing of your core issues.

Homeostasis Lab Report Essay

Mr. Bells honors level chemistry class conducted an experiment during their research lab demonstrations, this consisted of elements such as phosphorus and calcium chloride in their experiment. This along with another hydrogen based sunstance produced, what looked like a pinkish-looking substance inside of their flasks that were at their lab stations.see morechemistry matriculation notes semester 2Sophmore Kelly Caudel said, I actualley enjoy doing the experiments in this class, because it gives us a chance to get away from the bookwork and lectures that Mr. Bell ordinarily makes us endure. It seemed as if the students in his class were showing tremendous progress in their efforts at their lab stations. That is, until one pair of students dropped their Erlenmyer flask that contained what was left of the chemical substance compound that was being created. A minute after the real noisy shatter of the glass, the whole class turned to see what had happened. While the two students ver y awkwardly cleaned up their mess, Mr. Bell procceeded in his efforts to help his students produce what would be a lovely pinkish-looking fluid, which was the result appropriate for the lab conducted.Sophmore Chase Cabe exclaimed in a rather elated voice, This was definitely the best lab that we have done in his class so far. I like mixing up the elements into compounds and eyesight how they react to each other. The result turned out looking great. As the lab drew to a close, both Mr. Bell and his students returned to their desks with the impression that they were both comfortable with what they had done during the duration of the lab.

Why Did the Vikings Invade England?

During the 700s, the Vikings began to raid English monasteries and churches to trade and sell. The Anglo-Saxons at the time had never seen such merciless men. In the Anglo-Saxon chronicles, the Vikings are described as sea-borne pagans, as all of the Vikings came on huge war-ships from what we would now refer to as Scandinavia. The Vikings had originally come from Sweden, Denmark and Norway, and they were certainly genuinely vicious people. The first raids came in the late 700s, and began as just bloody, frightening raids.The first recorded were of unprotected monasteries on the south coast of England- Lindisfarne, in 793 Jarrow, in 794 and Iona, in 795. And although these raids were terrifying for the Anglo-Saxons, they were yet unaware of the blood-shed and fear to come In 835, Kent was attacked, and no stone was left unturned in the Vikings search for valuable treasure. Everything was a mess and the Saxons were panicking, but this Kentish raid unexpectedly lead to a full-scale in vasion 30 years later. By the 840s, the Vikings were heavily involved in over-seas barter and raiding, and had travelled all over most of Europe.But this, it would seem, was not enough. The land in Scandinavia could not suffice to feed the over-populated region, whereas the land in England was healthy, and ready to be used- or stolen. The Vikings would have known where the majority of the unprotected churches and monasteries were in Europe and Russia, and they used this to their advantage. Casual raids became expected by the 850s and eventually converted to huge invasions and settlements, which of course would intend England. By 860, the Vikings were settled in Britain- arriving in hundreds and thousands from the two main routes they used to raid and invade

What can you learn from source A about Chamberlain’s policy towards Germany?

Source A tells me that Chamberlain did not want to go to state of war with Germ any because he conception Germany was a power to be reckoned with, especially since she had Italys support. He feared that if it came to war Italy could take advantage of its position in the Mediterranean to attack British territory there (such as Gibraltar) and more importantly stop British shipping to and from her empire, which was very important to Britain. It also shows that Chamberlain position that if it came to war, Hitler could hurt France where she was weakest.Because the stock is an unofficial, private document it toilette accurately show us Chamberlains opinion, and though it gives us a good idea of his intent, it does not properly show us his official policy. The reference point shows that Chamberlain did not study Britains armaments were operose enough to stand against Germanys, and that therefore they must buy time to build up arms, just in case. It also tells me that Chamberlain fe lt that the dictators could til now be reasoned with and were not devoid of any honour or reasonableness, and that he still held some hope of coming to an withstandment to suit everybody.He apprehension that if he appeased Hitler and Mussolini by helping to fix their grievances, they would be happy and the peace of Europe would be assured. 2) Study A and B. In what ways does computer address B add to your understanding of Chamberlains foreign policy? (6) Source B shows me that Chamberlain genuinely believed that unconstipated if Britain and France did act, nothing could save Czechoslovakia from being taken over by the Germans if they wanted to do it.He knew that Czechoslovakia was hemmed in on 3 sides by Germany and believed that Germany had every tactical and military advantage around Czechoslovakia, and Russia could not help all because she was too far away. Source B supports source A in that Source B shows me that Chamberlain still thought that Germany was too strong for Br itain and France to take on, and that to treasure Czechoslovakia would be tantamount to declaring out-and-out war on Germany, which he was strongly against because he thought that Britain had no chance of an easy and quick victory.The source shares with source A the idea that Chamberlain was un allowing to risk going hastily into a war against a major power, which would cost British money and lives and if, as he thought, Britain was not ready, it could mean a repeat of the extended conflict of the first world war, which everyone was keen to avoid. Chamberlain makes it clear in his diary (source B) that he did not think that it was all deserving it over one small country that he thought could probably not be saved anyway.Source B desire source A is private and unofficial and therefore shows just what Chamberlain is really thinking, more so than A because it is his diary, presumably intended at the time entirely for him. 3) Study C and D. In what ways does the evidence of these so urces help you to understand Chamberlains attitude towards Hitler? (10) The author of Source C was a British ambassador and Chamberlains briny source of information in Germany, and as such Chamberlain must have trusted his slews as a high-ranking British dignitary who had been living in Germany probably some time.However, it is possible that Henderson had come around to the German point of view from living there so long and is writing his own opinion, which is biased, as is apparent from his comment in C about how he dis bids the Czechs. If he really had come round to the German point of view, wherefore it is possible that he felt for Germany and like many Germans, considered that Hitler could make Germany great again.If this were true, it would mean either that Henderson actually believed that Hitler was reasonable, or that he deliberately misled Chamberlain about Hitlers intent. Alternatively, officials he had spoken to in the German government may simply have misled Henderson. The Germans knew that he was Britains main source of information and they may have decided to use him to convince Chamberlain that Germany was stronger than she was and that Hitler was diffuse to options other than going to war, thus encouraging him to put off war by calming.In source C Henderson leads Chamberlain to believe that Hitler does not really wish to go to war if he has to, as war would help the opponents of Hitler and Nazism, but it would be disastrous for Germany. He implies that Hitler is reasonable and open to negotiation. If Henderson had not been corrupted by Hitler, then source C contains Hendersons genuine idea of what Hitler must have been thinking, but as it turned out, his assessment of the situation was wrong.Hendersons reports, whether genuinely what he thought or not, must have influenced Chamberlain to think that Hitler was a reasonable man who did not want war any more than Chamberlain himself. This would have simply construct upon the view Chamberlain already had that Hitler had some sense of honour. Chamberlain was from a business background in Birmingham and must have found it hard to believe that the leader of a nation could be so duplicitous as Hitler eventually revealed himself to be.Source D shows us this exact trust Chamberlain had in Hitler even though he did not like the look of him, Chamberlain still had faith that Hitlers word meant something and that Hitlers policies were precisely directed towards uniting all the German speaking peoples, not just exactting all the territory he could. Because Chamberlain believed what he said in source D, and believed Hitler when he said he would be satisfied with the Sudetenland and not ask any more territory in Europe, he convinced France and Czechoslovakia to submit to the German occupation of the Sudetenland. )Study E, F, G and H. What can you work out from these sources about i) The demands do by Hitler (6) The very fact that Britain and France were unstrained to agree to Hitlers demands at all shows that his first demands (Czechoslovakia handing over to Germany the crock ups of the Sudetenland comprised of over 50% Germans) were not perceived by the governments of Britain and France to be altogether too much to ask, and that they believed that he was genuine in his insistence that it was all he would take from Europe.The fact that they were so eager for a reply to the statement in source E and were so ready to give up Czechoslovakia to Germany shows how insistent Hitler was that he got his way. This is corroborated by the fact that Germany put a lot of pressure on Czechoslovakia to agree to Hitlers demands this could be the unheard of pressure of source F. Chamberlain was so convinced that giving in to Hitlers demands was the way to peace that Britain and France even dissentd to support Czechoslovakia at all if she didnt capitulate completely in the matter of the Sudetenland. However, source G shows us that Hitler was not to be trusted and as in s hort as Chamberlain had got Czechoslovakia and France to agree, he changed his demands to more unreasonable ones, which Hitler hoped would ultimately insure the disintegration of Czechoslovakia, by taking large amounts of land from her.These demands were completely unreasonable, even for the peacemaker Chamberlain, and only when Britain and France threatened to go to war did Hitler reduce his demands a little, although his demands mentioned in source G are so unreasonable it could almost be said he was deliberately aiming high so when he was forced to compromise he would get the better deal. Source H shows that Hitler could feel confident about do these demands as Chamberlain was still set upon peace despite all he had seen Hitler capable of.Chamberlain makes clear in this speech that he thinks all Hitler is after is Czechoslovakia and that Britain will not go to war just to protect one small country. ii) Relations between Britain and Czechoslovakia in September 1938? (6) When Hit ler make his first demands of Chamberlain, Chamberlain agreed and then informed Czechoslovakia (source E), even though it would severely weaken Czechoslovakia (a state that Britain had helped to set up). Britain and France practically forced her to agree to Hitlers demands, going so far as to refuse to support her if she did not.The Czechoslovak government was not even consulted in the future of its own country, which as source F shows was hurtful to the Czechs. Czechoslovakia could not even defend herself from her foe because she had been let down by her friends. Czechoslovakia must have felt pressured into agreeing and very disillusioned with and even betrayed by France, its so-called ally and Britain, Frances ally and one of the upholders of the treaty of Versailles.As source G shows, when Hitler came up with his next outrageous demands, Czechoslovakia balked and refused point blank to agree, and the feelings of the Czechoslovak government are expressed to the British governmen t in source G in no uncertain terms. Czechoslovakia may have had some hope in Britains support when she promised to support France in a war against Germany, although this in brief faded after the Munich agreement.Source H shows that Chamberlain was still trying to uphold peace despite Hitlers continually changing demands, and evidently still thought that it was worth sacrificing Czechoslovakia on the altar of peace. ) Study I, J and K. The Munich agreement was very popular in Britain. Use the evidence of the sources, and your own knowledge, to explain whether you agree with this view. (8) I agree with this view to a point. The Munich agreement was certainly popular with many people, especially the generations who had been through the Great War. They knew what it was to fight in terrible conditions or to lose a loved one in the war. The First World War was called the war to end all wars and nobody wanted to go through it all again.This view is back up by source I, which is from a q uality paper and written by the editor, who is presumably an educated person who knows what theyre talking about. The bad memories of the previous war would put the public in favour of avoiding other(prenominal) war if it could be possibly helped, so the peacemaking Chamberlain with his slogan from Benjamin Disraeli Peace in our time was well reliable by many. The Munich agreement, which guaranteed that Germany and Britain would not go to war in the future, seemed to sort out everyones worries.Source J shows a crowd outside 10, Downing Street, who look like they are there to support Chamberlain. However this is not really indicative of the agreements popularity as photographs can be deceptive, and Downing Street is not actually that childlike a street so the crowd appears bigger than it is. Most of the generation who were making the decisions for Britain (the politicians and diplomats) had experienced the war and this may have influenced them and their decisions in favour of appe asement and the Munich agreement.The government also feared that if war broke out, thousands of civilians could be killed by bombing raids. Also the British army was not strong enough to handle another big war at that time. People like the author of source I did not want to involve Britain in European aff line of works again, as they thought it was nothing to do with Britain. Many, like Henderson in source K, felt that Chamberlain had done something special in making Hitler agree to peace and so supported the Munich agreement because they thought it was a great feat of negotiation and diplomacy on Chamberlains part.Source K shows that at least one person thought that what Chamberlain did was the only option in the circumstances. Many British people felt sorry for the Germans because the Treaty of Versailles was so harsh and felt that they had been unfairly treated. Many could see with the desire to bring the German-speaking people together. People did not even disagree wholly with Germany claiming the Sudetenland, as it was thought of as practically a part of Germany anyway both geographically and culturally.However, being in favour of the Munich agreement was far from universal and it had many critics. They thought that Germany was being allowed to become too powerful, interruption treaty after treaty and getting away with it. They thought Germany would not stop at just Czechoslovakia, and she would eventually become a power strong enough to threaten the British Empire. Winston Churchill was one of the critics of the Munich agreement and appeasement in general. 6) Study all the sources. The writer of source K believed that war was only avoided in 1938 because of the courage of Chamberlain.Use the sources and your own knowledge to explain whether you agree with this view. (10) I agree with this view to the point that I would say the fact that war was avoided in 1938 was mostly because of Chamberlain. It was Chamberlains insistency on trying to appease the d ictators at all costs that brought the Munich agreement about. It was Chamberlain who convinced France to support him in encouraging Czechoslovakia to agree to Hitlers demands (as in source C), and eventually almost forcing them into it by refusing to support Czechoslovakia at all should it come to fighting.Although Chamberlain says in source D to his sister that he thinks Hitler is to be trusted, and I think he means what he says because it is a personal, private letter, by the time of the Munich agreement he must have had some idea of what Hitler was like as he had broken his word and gone back on their agreement of the 15th of September only days before, which as source G shows was very damaging and humiliating to the Czechs. Yet still he went ahead and in effect signed Czechoslovakia over to the Germans without even inviting the Czechs to join the conference.Either this is the scarper of a very stupid and naive man in still believing that Hitler would not make further attempts to get territory for Germany, or Chamberlain was taking a calculated risk to give Britain more time to protect herself from Germany, not caring about Czechoslovakia. As source B shows, Chamberlain was not willing to take the risk of going to war in 1938 just to protect one small country. Source A shows us that as early as January 1938 Chamberlain was thinking about building up British armaments. I think that the lack of war in1938 was due to Chamberlain although I would not call it courage.He made the agreement because he was convinced that the British public wanted peace more than anything (source J shows that at least some of them did). He was afraid of what another war would do to Britain if she were not ready, especially since the Spanish civil war in which the German Condor Legion decimated the Basque town of Guernica. Chamberlain was excessively afraid of German air strength as he was unfamiliar with the effects of bombing and feared that London could become another Guernica, with hundreds of thousands of casualties.It was thought that the entire German Luftwaffe would head for Britain as briefly as war broke out and people greatly overestimated its size and strength. However optimistic Chamberlain chose to be, he must have known that if Britain continued to get involved in Europes affairs then sooner or later she would have to fight Germany. Although war was avoided in 1938 it was not avoided altogether and if anything it convinced Hitler that Britain was flossy and irresolute and would do nothing by force to stop his further conquest of Europe. This meant that he persevered in his plans to expand Germany without worrying about Britain.

Football as an Intramural Essay

Abstract internal sports present a looseness way for students to spend their time at school, and provide an excellent opportunity to introduce themselves in the untested world of college. Students commove the knock to meet new people by giping against them in motley sports such as softb completely, volleyball, and basketball. These sports are also co-ed, meaning that men and women can play on the homogeneous teams or against unmatched another. Intramurals is also a great way to modify attendance or ascending students motivation to improve their grades.However, there is only a select variety of options for sports. most of the sports would fall under womens sports, with their being softball over baseball and volleyball over football game game. on that point arent many options for men to get snarled in intramurals with no mens sports to play. Adding one sport thats a mens sport bequeath give men more(prenominal) options in participating in intramurals. The addition of football may be what this school ask to get more people involved in intramural sports at Alexandria Technical and Community College (ATCC).With a chance for more men to recruit, and more women to get involved in mens sports, its a sport that cannot fail if the right conditions are met. Too much contact could be an issue, but if it were compensate touch football (2-hand touch), there wouldnt be very many problems. Adding football to ATCC intramurals is what this school needs to not only offer more options for students, but to help attendance and boost student motivation to improve grades. It will be beneficial for the school, and fun for the students. 1. 0 Introduction Alexandria Technical and Community College is a great place to get to know other students.One of the ways to meet the students is by join their intramural sports and getting on teams that compete against the other teams of the school. 1. 1 Problem With having intramural sports comes the privilege of choosing what you deprivation to do with your time. However, there are not many options for intramural sports. There is softball and volleyball, just to send for a couple, but not many options for the students. This may be why there are a lot of ATCC students not participating in intramurals. We believe that the addition of one particular sport will attract more students, and that sport is football. 2.0 Discussion 2. 1 Benefits to ATCC One of the main focuses of ATCC is to get their students involved in the school and the community. One of the ways they stride for this goal is to encourage students to join in intramurals. Our persuasion is that if football is added to the intramural list, it may contain in more students to participate in intramural sports, and bring more students together. 2. 2 Benefits to Students gibe to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Proposition 48, students who participate in school activities and sports must maintain a grade point average of 2. 0 on a 4. 0 dental plate (Begnaud, 2007) .With that being said, this would prove that students who participate in extracurricular activities would have to motivate themselves and push themselves to maintain a high enough GPA to still participate. This motivation would be beneficial to students, and with more students wanting to play football, this would motivate more students to succeed in school. So now the question is, How do you know football is a popular sport? Well, according to studies done by many colleges such as MSU Moorhead, football has been ranked the number one popular sport in the United States (Walter) .This means that given the choice, football would be the top pick for the majority of the nation. With that being said, if football is added to intramurals then students would choose it for their intramural and would be motivated to do well in school to be able to participate in intramurals. dactyl 1. 1 2. 3 Effects on Attendance As was stated in section 2. 1, student s would be more likely to do good in school because they must maintain a GPA of at least a 2. 0 on a 4. 0 scale. If students are to good in school, they must attend school and do well.Attendance is important to do good in school, so intramurals must effect attendance, right? This can be proven if the rules of the NCAA Proposition 48 are followed. 2. 4 Effects on Grades Again, the NCAA Proposition 48 proves that sports do have a major impact on grades, but only because they have to. Students must do good in school if they want to participate in intramurals. Figure 1. 2 2. 5 Right to Give Students a Choice in Sports According to the Constitution, we all have the right to free speech (Amendment 1). If this is true, then it should also give us all the right to a vote.So shouldnt students be able to vote on whether or not to accept football in intramurals? In addition to that, students should also have the right to vote on whether or not to choose if they want to play football as their intramural if it is added to intramurals. The point to be made here is that we all have a right to vote, so we feel that there should be a vote at ATCC on whether or not to add football to the list of intramurals. Our voices should be heard if there is something that we truly believe will benefit the people and the school better. 2.6 parity to Schools with Football as an Intramural Sport It is very difficult to compare ATCC with other schools with intramural sports, and specially since ATCC doesnt have football as an intramural. However, according to the following website, these are the community colleges that do include football as a sport of choice http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_community_college_football_programs This website gives all of the schools that have football as a sport of choice. On this list, some of the schools are also listed on the list of the top community colleges in the US. ATCC ranked 8 on the list, while St.Paul College ranked 1, and they do have foot ball as a sport (Washington Monthly, 2010) . So, could football actually help our students do better in school? It appears that it could, since 57% of all men in colleges played football (Heinlien, 2007) . 3. 0 Conclusion In conclusion, due to the facts given in the above sections, we believe that students should be able to participate in a vote for football as an intramural at ATCC. Also, whether the vote happens or not, football should be added to the intramural list to improve student participation, and to improve not only attendance, but grades too.4. 0 Appendix 5. 0 Glossary Intramural-involving only students in the same school or college. Thats the only word we feel the need to desexualize 6. 0.Works Cited Begnaud, B. (2007, February 15). The Effect of Athletic Involvement on GPA. Retrieved November 28, 2012, from Yahoo Answers http//voices. yahoo. com/the-effect-athletic-involvement-gpa-benefits-201277. html? cat=25 Heinlien, E. (2007, October 28). The Benefits of Intramur al Sports. Retrieved November 29, 2012, from Helium http//www. helium. com/items/670511-the-benefits-of-intramural-sports Mueller, J.(2012, February 16). Do Sports Have an Affect on GPA. Retrieved November 29, 2012, from Stat Crunch http//www. statcrunch. com/5. 0/viewreport. php? reportid=23966 Walter, T. (n. d. ). How Do Professional Sports in the US Rank in Popularity. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from Wiki Answers http//wiki. answers. com/Q/How_do_professional_sports_in_the_US_rank_in_popularity Washington Monthly. (2010). College Guide. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from Washington Monthly http//www. washingtonmonthly. com/college_guide/rankings_2010/community_colleges. php.

Police Department Roles and Functions Essay

There atomic number 18 m entirely various functions of constabulary agencies. Patron, traffic, juvenile services, comprehension activity and hugger-mugger, and spare operations are just some of the various functions of police force agencies. There are numerous differences betwixt the functions of the police agencies and the federal, state, and the local levels. There are reasons of why you need to let various functions and roles of policing in any comm social unity. There are a few various functions of police agencies such as guard, traffic, juvenile services, intelligence and undercover, and restrict functions. There are umpteen functions of the patrol and consists of protecting the lives of people and their property, repression of criminal and delinquent behavior, identification, timidity and conviction of offenders, traffic flow, collision reduction, upkeep of order and public safety. Patrol functions are a major part of policing agencies. Traffic functions consi st of identifying potential traffic problems and hazards, arresting offenders, investigation property damage and ad hominem injury automobile accidents, regulating parking on the streets and municipal buildings (Grant & Terry, 2008).Traffic functions keep the roads safer and win things flow better for traffic. Juvenile services are there to help juvenile offenders go to charge and counseling for the juveniles families. There are also programs that roll in the hay help juveniles learn tumefy-nigh drugs, alcohol, abuse and gangs. There is a program c every(prenominal)ed (D.A.R.E) Drug Abuse Resistance upbringing. (GREAT) Gang Resistance Education and Training is another program that is used to inform the youth group about the negative mend of gangs. Intelligence and undercover is where officers go and use a different identification so that they can hasten closer to suspects or fugitive or get evidence (Grant & Terry, 2008). They may turn over to live in different places and dress as complete different people then who they are so that they canfit in to the environment they are trying to get close to.The last function is the special operations that consist of S.W.A.T and the canine unit. The S.W.A.T stands for special weapons and tactics and they functions are loveing with high risk honor enforcement such as hostage situations and arresting people that are armed and dangerous suspects. The canine unit is having a police dog that helps on searches. Searches could be consisting of drug investigations, tracking and searching for victims or suspects, fomite searches, and searching of buildings (Grant & Terry, 2008). The police agency functions differ from the federal, state, and local level. The federal has two main functions that split into a few different functions. The Homeland hostage and Department of Justice have many functions. The Homeland Security has the Bureau of Customs and Border protection (CBP) and this helps make sure that people and cargo are cut through borders leg every last(predicate)y and safely.Bureau of Immigration and Custom Enforcement known as (ICE) works with the smuggling of drugs and weapons. It also helps swallow illegal immigrants that should not be across the borders. ICE also helps protect and secure federal buildings. FEMA is the federal Emergency Management Agency and their goal is to help prevent artificial disasters from destroying cities. FEMA also helps after man-made disasters happen with providing food, water, and shelter to the people that have homes that are destroyed or have no stores that have food remaining for them to eat or drink. Department of Justice has a few functions as well that are to help protect on a higher level than the police agencies. Drug Enforcement Administrators (DEA) deal with enforcing laws that touch to controlled substances. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) has many functions. They protect against any kind of terrorist attack against the country, for eign intelligence operations, cyber based attacks, public corruption, and white collar crimes.The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) deal with the investigations of the trafficking of illegal firearms. The ATF also enforces federal laws that pertain to federal taxes on alcohol and tobacco (Walker & Katz, 2011). The federal and the police agencies have many differences. The federal have more of a variety of different functions than the police agencies. The state does not have as many functions as the federal but still have functions that make a difference. The State has some functions that the police agencies also have. The State has different kind ofofficers. There are State police and Highway patrol officers that patrol the highways statewide. They also have power to give traffic violations, criminal investigations, and arrest non traffic violators (Walker & Katz, 2011). The police agencies also do a lot of patrol just like the state police. The local levels are a lot like the police agencies. They have municipal officers, county police and they have sheriffs that patrol city roads. They attend to more serious crimes that are committed in the city. The local level deals with order maintenance problems and emergency services (Walker & Katz, 2011). The county police have the same functions as the municipal officers but can operate countywide.The sheriffs have more functions than the municipal officers and the county police. The sheriffs have to go to courts and deal with corrections. When it comes to the community all of the policing agencies are genuinely important. There are many functions and roles that help keep a safe community. If there are limited policing agencies in the community it could raise the rate of crime, accidents, and deaths. With having the functions in the communities it helps make the people of the community feel safer sharp that the policing agencies are out patrolling the streets whether it is by foot, bike, c ar, or horse. Without having the functions of trafficking there would be more accidents on the roads or highways. If the juvenile services the younger generations may not have the resources to learn about awareness programs for drugs, alcohol, and abuse. They may not have the opportunity to change their lives by attending counseling to help better themselves.Without having undercover officers it would be a little harder to catch suspects before they actually commit a crime. Even though not all cities have the canine unit, the canine unit helps search for things that the human nose cannot feel as well as a dog can. The canine unit is a very mammoth help for searches when victims are missing or are searching for drugs. There are many functions and roles for all police agencies no matter how big or how small the agency is. There are many differences between the police agencies and the federal, state, and local level. But there are also some functions that are the same. Without having functions of all the police agencies there would be more crime and accidents within the cities and states. Having as many functions in all the policing agencies makes this place a safer place for everyone.ReferencesWalker, S., & Katz, C.M. (2011). The police in America An introduction (7th ed). Grant, H.B., & Terry, K.J. (2008) Law Enforcement in the twenty-first Century(2nd ed).

Becoming the Woman or Man You Want to Be

In present society, men and women alike are still bound to the stereotypes appoint to their respective sexes. While the gender situation has definitely improved today as compared to the past decades, the diversity between the sexes is still present. The gender impositions are clearly restrictions.The gender-role expectations of society hinder an individual from reaching their abundant potential, simply because the options provided for growth appear limited. This is the reason why it is liberating for both men and women to develop more conciliative piles regarding the said expectations.By adapting a flexible attitude with regards to gender roles, an individual heap go beyond what is pass judgment of them and their gender. In a way, it allows the person to break free from what he or she thought she should do and bonk the freedom by doing what he or she wants to do. However, the gender problem can only be heady if the counterchange begins in the individual. The person must dev elop the flexible perspective himself or herself to be equal to(p) to break free from ones gender restrictions.As a woman, it is important for me to adapt the flexible view of gender expectations myself. Compared to men, women are more burdened by these expectations, as females are regarded as the weaker and more inferior sex. Therefore, I must learn to develop a more lenient viewpoint regarding gender roles because I am more affected by it. In the past, women were only expected to stay at post and devote themselves to their husbands and children. As a woman in modern society, I strive to go beyond that stereotype.There are so many options for women like me today, may it be in terms of family or profession. By developing a more flexible view on gender role expectations, I can liberate myself from the housewife stereotype and pursue a life of unlimited opportunities. If I want freedom, the change has to start from me. This is because if I believe that those expectations are the on ly ones I can pursue, I will expect restricted by my gender. Hence, it is very important for me as a woman to develop flexible views about gender role expectations.

Nestle Contadina Pizza and Pasta Essay

Executive SummaryNestle keep Food Company, in 1990, had to decide about the ground of Contadina pizza pie pie (a keep pizza), and so that it could continue the construct of the refrigerated food category started by it a few years ago. It had entered this category through the show of Contadina Pasta and Sauces, and had achieved results that exceeded its expectations. Nestle refrigerate Food Company would cut out serious and major competition, kraft paper general food, who was to make a similar launch in about 6 months by universeness the initiative mover in this competition. Marketer studies that consists of the forecast of estimated demand show that the launch is recommended and pizza with surpass are preferred as compared to only pizza. Market studies also show that the basic business need of $45 million, factory dollar gross revenue, sess be met by a minimum of 7% securities industry penetration.As per studies and since the Italian ethnic food commercialise is fast d eveloping, the opportunity looks great, but Nestle Refrigerated Food Company should be very careful as bad results could seriously hurt the Contadina leaf blade Name. The worth of the offering should be adjusted to be at lower levels and heavy support from advertizing should be carried.NESTLE REFRIDGERATED FOODS CONTADINA PASTA & PIZZA (A) GROUP 2Q1) Using the BASES model described in point 9, forecast the estimated demand (trial and repeat) for the two Pizza pickings under considerationPizza and Topping and Pizza Only. Using the BASES Model, we forecast trial and repeat purchases. The BASES Model as sumes that the sample size phthisisd and the analysis of in-house crossway usage represents the entire tar deal market. It also assumes that the estimated market plan is similar to the actual launch plan. If on that point is any inconsistency in these assumptions, it can result in incorrect forecasting of the success of the merchandise.The estimated publicize awareness and pur chase intent figures are subjected to certain limitations and these involve risks with valuate to the followingThe harvest-festival does non live up to the promised benefitsRespondents like a model but over country preferences or do non buy the harvest-tide cod to the social desirability factorHigh trial cannot predict ingathering successLimited diagnostic information cannot provide insight into complex structure or interests and attitudesQ2) What can one learn from Exhibits 13, 14, and 15?We can analyse from exhibit 13,14 & 15 , that kit up has huge latent of attracting customer segment consuming rigid pizza and fresh pizza from supermarket , but Nestl should ensure useNESTLE REFRIDGERATED FOODS CONTADINA PASTA & PIZZA (A) GROUP 2of high shade ingredients and avoidance of artificial ingredients or preservatives, as this is one of the most important reason that will catalyse the switch. Therefore, branding and advertising front should be built around awareness of masse s about two main factors High quality ingredientsZero preservatives and additivesSignificant switch in heavy pizza consumers wouldnt be seen initially since 1. They get a huge variety through take away and deliveries T 2. The brand loyalty to already existing chains like Pizza Hut, Dominos. In the long run, Nestl can take on momentum in this segment if they are adequate to diversify the kind of pizza they will serve in the kit both in terms of crust and toppings. Q3) How does the pizza concept test data (Exhibits 19, 20, and 21) compare to the alimentary paste concept test data (Exhibit 6)?Exhibit 6 talks about the Pasta concept. Pasta in this case was an already existent product, which acquired by Nestl sought to reposition itself in the market and highlight its USP. The pasta market already had many competitors of its kind and in this case, Nestl had a building ready with them which had to be knocked fine-tune, its foundation used to create a completely clean brand. The conc ept test data all the way even in terms of its parameters like creating uniqueness in the product, negligence of the determine and more concentre on purifyment or change rather than formation, establishes this fact.Looking at Exhibits 19, 20 and 21 the rife focus on the pricing of the product, the features / characteristics of the pizza kit itself in terms of discernment and delight propositions to the customer, proportion with alternatives (emphasis on ALTERNATIVES and not competitors, because none existed) clearly proves that Nestl was focusing on starting from scratch, creating a market by offering something that till then did not exist.Q4) What is your reading of Exhibits 23 and 24? (include Exhibit 18 if you wish) Exhibit 23This exhibit talks about market inquiry analysis conducted by Nestl, with regard to its pizza and toppings, with the sample size of 186 tribe out of which 130 had a gilded intent to purchase the product and 56 wereagainst. In percentage the exhibi t tells us about the number of concourse who had particular likes ( golden) about particular features/ characteristics of the product. Talking about the Suggested Improvements section- these were the recommendations of the people in general (both favourable and non-favourable about areas of the product which the company might work on, comprising of every(prenominal) characteristic of importance to a customer worth ,taste, ingredients et al. The uncomplimentary section talks about, again in percentage, of people criticizing a certain characteristic of the product, as being bad or demanding improvements/change.This analysis, in numbers, gives an insight into the features of the product that Nestl had got right and where the market demanded more. A favourable tax of 130 out of 186 was encouraging but still much remained and this analysis gave precise areas into which Nestl could look for further customer satisfaction.NESTLE REFRIDGERATED FOODS CONTADINA PASTA & PIZZA (A) GROUP 2This exhibit talks about the price that Nestl cute to put forward in the market with the consent of the customers. Again a sample of 186 people who were chosen for the in home use test was taken and they were asked what price they would pay for the product. If we take the sum of any one column of this exhibit, we achieve the total of 100, which tells that all(prenominal) customer could recommend one price and this data collected along with the recommendations from the exhibit 23 and primarily the cost involved in producing the product and the target profits were the deciding factors for the price of the product.Exhibit 18Once again the sum of each column gives a value of 100, each individual value in terms of percentage. Respondents were asked whether they tried aparticular product from an array of eight choices (frozen pizza, home delivered pizza etc.) and then whether they retry the product. The two several(predicate) columns tell us how customers shifted from one product to an other(a), some products gaining a percentage at the expense of other product.Q5) In general, how would you compare the pizza opportunity to the pasta opportunity? What are the similarities? Differences?Extensive market research by Nestl inferred that the market for refrigerated pizza and toppings was very limited as compared to pasta. The success of renovation of an already established pasta brand in the market could not be taken as an exemplar or a demonstration or anticipatory results for the pizza product in the market. As is preached by the most preliminary principles of marketing, the USP of both the pizza and the pasta products were the primary and decisive factors in their popularity and sales. Both with respect to the pasta and the pizza range, Nestl had the chance to create a market, establish new brands, position themselves as they wanted and a major first mover advantage.However, with the pizza range, they had some no foundation or constitute to work on and they wer e competing with alternatives for the products, not competitors. Market survey indicated that only 15% and 4% of people consumed frozen and homemade pizzas in contradiction to the 17% and 90% users of frozen and home-made pasta. Pastas did not have any issues with the pricing while 21% and 44% of respondents who were in favour of and not in favour of refrigerated pizzas severally felt that pizzas were quite expensive. Nestl plan to give to the customers, not only a pizza of good quality, taste and a reasonable price but also the freedom to customize their pizza, something not offered by the restaurants and delis.Q6) why was the pasta product so successful?With first year sales of $ 50 million firing up to $ 100 million in 3 years, NRFCs Contadina Pasta was a great success. The factors that contributed to the equal are as follows 1. Realizing the potential of the Italian Food Segment in the US market, Nestl decided to launch Contadina Fresh in the refrigerated foods category. Anal ysis brought forward the view that competitors would be following the same rhythm method and all the products would reach the market at the same place, due to which Nestl would not be able togain a significant first mover advantage. It therefore acquired an established regional player in the market- cubic decimetres Pasta and Cheese, to help surpass its competitors and be the first to bring refrigerated pasta to the subject field market. 2. Having acquired a regional player that had developed a process to extend the shelf life of the product, Nestl was able to establish a highly efficient distribution system. Alongside this, the decision to establish a new manufacturing facility helped Nestl to achieve considerable efficiencies in costs.3. Using brokers as sales agents instead of the traditionalistic sales force was another factor attributing to the success of NRFC. A larger share of sales time was achieved due to these brokers who hadNESTLE REFRIDGERATED FOODS CONTADINA PASTA & PIZZA (A) GROUP 2significant experience in the sales of putrescible/refrigerated products. It also helped in further cost reductions.4. Establishing a brand name that communicated an image of traditional authentic Italian food which could be distinguished from the convenience products category was another advantage. This, combined with the publicity technology of Lambert helped Nestl in positioning itself in a particular market segment via the start technique.5. A well marketed component approach allowed Nestl to achieve high quality over the products shelf life as flavour did not migrate between the components. It also helped in simplification the sticker shock among customers.Q7) How do you like Nestls new product development process? For pasta? For pizza? The 7 steps of Nestls new product development process starting from the concept creation to the final launch of the product are very comprehensive and look over about every matter / issue concerning the development and laun ch of a new product. I would definitely regularize this is a very good process, not only in its capacity to cover each and every aspectof a new product but also in its versatility of application to products in virtually any industry with small tweaks here and there, and also because of its practicality and the sheer common sense of involving the right people from the right departments at different stages of the process, whilst giving them the freedom to take a different path, if deemed appropriate, for any peculiar(prenominal) product.For Pasta, because of the already established Lamberts Pasta and Cheeses, Nestl skipped out on the first 2 phases of paper Generation and Refinement. The product development stage focused on R&D and changes required to add-on the shelf life to 40 days and devise various innovative ways of testing the product. besides moving on, they carried out tests in the market, extensive market research, surveys, and in-home use tests to further work out how to improve their pasta line effectively repositioning the pasta brand itself christened as Contadina Foods. For pizza, Nestl had to start from the scratch. There didnt exist any such product in the market.The Idea generation phase resulted in the refrigerated pizza as a product extension to the preexisting Contadina product-line. The Idea refinement phase went up with two ideas about the refrigerated pizzas that can be introduced in the market. The product development phase resulted in elimination of one of the ideas due to feasibility issues. Though Market Research was conducted for both the ideas, Nestl had no option right now to move ahead with only one of the idea. Q8) Would you launch the pizza?Yes, launching of the pizza will be favourable for Nestl as they were already successful in the refrigerated Pasta market by acquiring the Contadina refrigerated foods, reducing the time to do Market research and thereby gaining the first mover advantage. This created a positive image of the refrigerated products of Nestl in the market. Moreover, this was a new offering in the market. Also as per Exhibit 13, out of 200 people 128 were heavy takeout users, 115 were favourable to the concept of Top two box and 129 had purchased frozen pizza in the past 12 months that making frozen product is difficult as it has to be first thawed from its frozen state before it could be cooked, as against the refrigerated product which had to be just microwaved in most of the cases.